Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species Associated with Artichoke Crown and Root Rot and Description of Phytophthora marrasii sp. nov. †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sites, Sampling Procedure, and Phytophthora Isolations
2.2. Morphological Identification and Characterization of Isolates
2.3. DNA Extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification, and Sequencing
2.4. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.5. Pathogenicity Tests
3. Results
3.1. Symptomatology and Aetiology
3.2. Phylogeny Clade 8
3.3. Taxonomy
3.4. Pathogenicity Tests
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Farm | Cultivar | Origin of Plants | Planting Period | Sampling Period | Number of Samples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2019 | February 2020 | 3 |
F2 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2019 | February 2020 | 3 |
F3 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2019 | February 2020 | 1 |
F4 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2019 | July 2020 | 1 |
F5 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2019 | July 2020 | 1 |
F6 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2019 | July 2020 | 1 |
F7 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2020 | February 2021 | 3 |
F8 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2020 | February 2021 | 3 |
F9 | Romanesco | Micropropagated | July 2020 | February 2021 | 3 |
Species | Code | Host | GenBank Accession Number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | Btub | cox1 | |||
P. austrocedrae | CBS 122.911 | Austrocedrus chilensis | MG783380 | - | - |
P. austrocedrae | AG318 | A. chilensis | KU953997 | - | - |
P. brassicae | CBS 179.87 | Brassica oleracea | NR147859 | - | - |
P. brassicae | CBS 112277 | B. oleracea | KC478766 | - | - |
P. cichorii | CBS 115029 | Cychorium intybus | KC478773 | - | - |
P. cichorii | CBS 115030 | C. intybus | KC478775 | - | - |
P. cryptogea | CBS 113.19 | n/d | MG865483 | - | - |
P. cryptogea | SCRP 205 | Solanum tuberosum | AY659423 | - | - |
P. dauci | CBS 127102 | Daucus carota | MH620160 | - | - |
P. dauci | CBS 114039 | D. carota | KC478762 | - | - |
P. drechsleri | CBS 292.35 | Beta vulgaris | MG865484 | - | - |
P. drechsleri | LEV 6732 | Petunia × hybrida | MH025882 | - | - |
P. erythroseptica | CBS 129.23 | Solanum tuberosum | MG865486 | - | - |
P. erythroseptica | MUC 837 | S. tuberosum | MG196242 | - | - |
P. foliorum | CBS 121655 | Rhododendron sp. | MG865492 | MH493937 | MH136889 |
P. foliorum | FC160118 | R. ponticon | KX364273 | - | - |
P. foliorum | P10969 | Rhododendron sp. | HQ261561 | - | HQ261308 |
P. hibernalis | CBS 114104 | Citrus sp. | MG865506 | MH493948 | MH136900 |
P. hibernalis | CBS 270.31 | Citrus sinensis | KT183039 | KX252120 | - |
P. hibernalis | 116-0007 | n/d | MF441623 | - | MF441668 |
P. lactucae | P19872 | Lactuca sativa | MH620161 | - | - |
P. lactucae | BPIC1988 | L. sativa | KC478770 | - | - |
P. lateralis | CBS 168.42 | Chamaecyparis sp. | MG865522 | MH493964 | MH136917 |
P. lateralis | P2522 | C. lawsoniana | JQ837654 | JQ837665 | JQ837677 |
P. marrasii | CB150 | Cynara scolymus | MZ569854 | MZ603724 | OK054535 |
P. marrasii | CB149 | C. scolymus | MZ569855 | MZ603723 | OK054536 |
P. medicaginis | CBS 119902 | Medicago sativa | MG865532 | - | - |
P. medicaginis | 23A4 | M. sativa | KF358223 | - | - |
P. obscura | CBS 129273 | Soil | MG865554 | - | - |
P. obscura | 6.18 | Acer pseudoplatanus | MN228692 | - | - |
P. porri | CBS116662 | Allium porrum | KC478749 | - | - |
P. porri | CBS127099 | A. porrum | KC478750 | - | - |
P. primulae | CBS 114346 | Primula polyantha | MG865571 | - | - |
P. primulae | CBS110162 | Primula sp. | HQ643324 | - | - |
P. pseudocryptogea | CBS 139749 | Isopogon buxifolius | KP288376 | - | - |
P. pseudocryptogea | SUC 633 | Solanum melongena | KP099906 | - | - |
P. ramorum | CBS 101553 | Rhododendron sp. | MG865581 | LC595884 | MH136973 |
P. ramorum | P2058 | Rhododendron sp. | MW300319 | MW323707 | MW323671 |
P. sansomeana | CBS 117693 | Glycine max | MG865585 | - | - |
P. sansomeana | KSSO 6-47 | G. max | KU209481 | - | - |
P. syringae | CBS 110161 | Syringa vulgaris | MG865590 | - | - |
P. syringae | CBS 364.52 | Prunus armeniaca | HQ643358 | - | - |
P. trifolii | CBS 117687 | Trifolium sp. | MG865594 | - | - |
P. trifolii | P1462 | Trifolium sp. | HQ261719 | - | - |
Scheme | Isolate Code | GenBank Accession Number | Disease Severity * | Re-Isolation Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
P. cactorum | CB266 | MZ569852 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 100% |
P. crassamura | CB267 | MZ569853 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 100% |
P. marrasii | CB150 | MZ569854 | 1.9± 0.6 | 100% |
Control | - | - | 1 (asymptomatic) | - |
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Bregant, C.; Rossetto, G.; Deidda, A.; Maddau, L.; Franceschini, A.; Ionta, G.; Raiola, A.; Montecchio, L.; Linaldeddu, B.T. Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species Associated with Artichoke Crown and Root Rot and Description of Phytophthora marrasii sp. nov. Agriculture 2021, 11, 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090873
Bregant C, Rossetto G, Deidda A, Maddau L, Franceschini A, Ionta G, Raiola A, Montecchio L, Linaldeddu BT. Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species Associated with Artichoke Crown and Root Rot and Description of Phytophthora marrasii sp. nov. Agriculture. 2021; 11(9):873. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090873
Chicago/Turabian StyleBregant, Carlo, Giovanni Rossetto, Antonio Deidda, Lucia Maddau, Antonio Franceschini, Giorgio Ionta, Alessandro Raiola, Lucio Montecchio, and Benedetto T. Linaldeddu. 2021. "Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species Associated with Artichoke Crown and Root Rot and Description of Phytophthora marrasii sp. nov." Agriculture 11, no. 9: 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090873