Biopesticide Evaluation from Lab to Greenhouse Scale of Essential Oils Used against Macrosiphum euphorbiae
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Biological Material
2.1.1. Plants
2.1.2. Insects
2.2. Chemical Materials and Analysis
2.2.1. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
2.2.2. Compound Identification
2.3. Experimental Set-Up
2.3.1. Leaflet Bioassays
2.3.2. Plant Experiments
2.3.3. Greenhouse Experiments
2.3.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Analysis of the Essential Oil Composition
3.2. Fumigation Treatments at Laboratory Scale–Dose-Response Curves and Determination of the LC50
3.3. Fumigation Treatments at the Whole-Plant Scale–Verification of the LC50 at the Whole-Plant Scale
3.4. Fumigation Treatments at the Greenhouse Scale–Population Dynamics
4. Discussion
4.1. Across-Scale Assessment of the Efficiency of EO Treatments
4.2. Relative Efficiency and Variability between Green Anise and Fennel EO Treatments
4.3. Potential Causes of EOs Efficiency Variability
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | Measured RI | Literature RI | Green Anise (%) | Fennel (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
α-pinene | 932 | 932 | 0.58 | 2.38 |
camphene | 953 | 954 | 0.29 | |
sabinene | 969 | 967 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
β-pinene | 974 | 977 | 0.14 | 0.9 |
myrcene | 988 | 985 | 0.08 | 1.07 |
α-phellandrene | 1002 | 1003 | 0.29 | 2.73 |
δ-3-carene | 1008 | 1011 | 0.16 | 0.28 |
α-terpinene | 1018 | 1017 | 0.37 | |
p-cymene | 1020 | 1025 | 0.04 | |
limonene | 1024 | 1028 | 1.14 | 31.53 |
β-phellandrene | 1025 | 1030 | 0.32 | |
cis-β-ocimene | 1040 | 1037 | 0.51 | |
ɣ-terpinene | 1054 | 1058 | 0.16 | 0.18 |
Unidentified | 1082 | 0.1 | 1.74 | |
fenchone | 1083 | 1071 | 10.1 | |
terpinolene | 1086 | 1087 | 0.05 | 0.2 |
linalool | 1095 | 1098 | 1.86 | 0.61 |
camphor | 1141 | 1145 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
terpinene-4-ol | 1174 | 1174 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
α-phellandrene epoxide | 1179 | 1187 | 0.18 | |
α-terpineol | 1186 | 1190 | 0.11 | |
estragol | 1195 | 1197 | 3.91 | 2.45 |
anisaldehyde | 1247 | 1252 | 0.52 | 0.52 |
trans-anethole | 1249 | 1264 | 87.3 | 41.49 |
cis-anethole | 1282 | 1284 | 0.23 | 0.21 |
α–copaene | 1374 | 1375 | 0.05 | |
eugenol | 1351 | 1358 | 1.05 | |
β-caryophyllene | 1407 | 1419 | 0.3 | 0.18 |
α-bergamotene | 1411 | 1430 | 0.37 | 0.15 |
β-farnesene | 1454 | 1459 | 0.02 | |
ɣ-muurolene | 1478 | 1497 | 0.01 | |
valencene | 1496 | 1496 | 0.02 | |
α–farnesene | 1505 | 1508 | 0.05 | |
α–bisabolene | 1506 | 1505 | 0.06 | |
δ-cadinene associate | 1522 | 1522 | 0.05 | |
nerolidol | 1561 | 1565 | 0.06 | |
T-muurolol | 1644 | 1641 | 0.06 | |
foeniculin | 1677 | 1684 | 1.07 | 0.46 |
linalyle benzoate | 2157 | na | 0.66 |
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Dunan, L.; Malanga, T.; Bearez, P.; Benhamou, S.; Monticelli, L.S.; Desneux, N.; Michel, T.; Lavoir, A.-V. Biopesticide Evaluation from Lab to Greenhouse Scale of Essential Oils Used against Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Agriculture 2021, 11, 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090867
Dunan L, Malanga T, Bearez P, Benhamou S, Monticelli LS, Desneux N, Michel T, Lavoir A-V. Biopesticide Evaluation from Lab to Greenhouse Scale of Essential Oils Used against Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Agriculture. 2021; 11(9):867. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090867
Chicago/Turabian StyleDunan, Lana, Tara Malanga, Philippe Bearez, Sylvain Benhamou, Lucie S. Monticelli, Nicolas Desneux, Thomas Michel, and Anne-Violette Lavoir. 2021. "Biopesticide Evaluation from Lab to Greenhouse Scale of Essential Oils Used against Macrosiphum euphorbiae" Agriculture 11, no. 9: 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090867