Motor Control Stabilisation Exercise for Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Meta-Analysis with Multilevel Meta-Regressions on Intervention Effects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.1.1. Meta-Level
2.1.2. Design at the Study Level
2.2. Recruitment, Screening and Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria (Study Level)
2.3. Randomization
2.4. Outcomes
2.5. Effect Estimators
2.6. Intervention
2.7. Risk of Bias within Studies
2.8. Measures of Treatment Effects—Main Effects
2.9. Measures of Treatment Effects–Assessment of Heterogeneity
2.10. Measures of an Interaction of the Treatment Effects–Multilevel Sensitivity Meta-Regressions
2.11. Risk of Bias Across Studies
2.12. Effect Estimators’ Level of Evidence
3. Results
3.1. Participants Flow
3.2. Participants and Study Characteristics
3.3. Risk of Bias Within Studies
3.4. Main Effect Estimates
3.4.1. Short-Term Effects
3.4.2. Mid-Term Main Study Period Effects
3.4.3. Long-Term and Sustainability Effects
3.5. Sensitivity Analyses
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary of Evidence and Hypothesis Verification
4.2. Comparison with other Evidence
4.3. Practical Relevance
4.4. Definition of the Intervention
4.5. Limitations
4.5.1. Study and Outcome Level
4.5.2. Meta-Level
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study ID | Females (%) | Age (Years) | Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | Baseline Pain Intensity (VAS/NRS 0–10 cm)/Points) | Baseline Pain Intensity (Points 0–100) | Habitual Training/Exercise Volume (Minutes Per Week) | Mean MCE Training Volume (Treatment) during Intervention (1–12 Weeks) | Status in the Publication Process | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
MCS 1 A | 63 | 35.3 | 12.1 | 23.8 | 3.79 | 1.57 | 1.5 | 33.2 | 17.1 | 242 | 165 | 2.0 | In preparation |
MCS 1 B | 65 | 45.5 | 8.04 | 24.6 | 2.98 | 2.09 | 2.5 | 34.6 | 23 | 208 | 113 | 1.9 | |
MCS 1 C | 65 | 37.5 | 13.3 | 24.2 | 4.94 | 2.06 | 2.06 | 39.7 | 17.6 | 232 | 181 | 2.7 | |
MCS 1 D | 65 | 41.6 | 13 | 24.9 | 3.56 | 2.16 | 1.73 | 35 | 20 | 182 | 111 | 2.5 | |
MCS 1 E | 61 | 38.3 | 11.6 | 23.5 | 2.62 | 2.43 | 2.37 | 35.7 | 21.6 | 229 | 125 | 2.7 | |
MCS 2 A | 49 | 38.9 | 12.4 | 25.4 | 3.95 | 1.65 | 1.76 | 25 | 20.7 | 2292 | 125 | 2.1 | In preparation |
MCS 2 B | 55 | 46.9 | 11.9 | 24.6 | 3.78 | 1.64 | 1.85 | 29 | 19.1 | 276 | 312 | 2.0 | |
MCS 2 C | 59 | 38.6 | 13.9 | 24.1 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 1.79 | 32.4 | 17.8 | 198 | 175 | 2.7 | |
MCS 2 D | 49 | 48.1 | 13,0 | 26.2 | 4.91 | 2.66 | 2.1 | 36.2 | 15 | 336 | 321 | 2.7 | |
MCS 2 E | 65 | 37.2 | 11.9 | 23.6 | 3.65 | 1.86 | 1.9 | 33.8 | 20.1 | 227 | 207 | 1.7 | |
MCS 2 F | 56 | 35.4 | 13.4 | 23.5 | 3.71 | 1.82 | 2 | 35.8 | 16.1 | 217 | 211 | 2.2 | |
SCS 1 | 48 | 31.8 | 5.88 | 23.3 | 3.9 | 4.05 | 1.2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.3 | Published [29] |
SCS 2 | 56 | 49.2 | 13.2 | N/A | N/A | 4.1 | 2.4 | 50.4 | 16.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | In preparation |
Study | Selection Bias: Random Sequence Generation | Selection Bias: Allocation Concealment | Performance Bias: Blinding of Participants and Personnel | Detection Bias: Blinding of Outcome Assessment | Attrition Bias: Incomplete Outcome Data | Reporting Bias: Selective Reporting | Other Bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MCS 1 A | low | high | high | high | low | low | low |
MCS 1 B | low | high | high | high | high | low | low |
MCS 1 C | high | high | high | high | low | low | low |
MCS 1 D | low | high | high | high | high | low | low |
MCS 1 E | low | high | high | high | high | low | low |
MCS 2 A | low | unknown | high | low | low | low | low |
MCS 2 B | low | unknown | high | low | low | low | low |
MCS 2 C | low | unknown | high | low | low | low | low |
MCS 2 D | low | unknown | high | low | low | low | low |
MCS 2 E | low | unknown | high | low | low | low | low |
MCS 2 F | low | unknown | high | low | high | low | low |
SCS 1 | unknown | unknown | high | high | low | low | low |
SCS 2 | low | unknown | high | high | high | low | low |
Model 1—Multilevel Meta-Regression | |||||
N effect sizes included | Tau-square | ||||
51 | 0.036 | ||||
Predictor/Moderator | Estimate | Standard Error | 95% Confidence interval | ||
Lower level | Upper level | significance | |||
Duration of the intervention (weeks) | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.02 | n.s. |
Intervention frequency (units/week) | −0.78 | 1.71 | −4.14 | 2.59 | n.s. |
Habitual training volume (minutes/week) | 0.03 | 0.07 | −0.11 | 0.16 | n.s. |
Intervention session duration (minutes/training) | −0.08 | 0.18 | −0.44 | 0.29 | n.s. |
Female proportion | −1.27 | 2.04 | −5.27 | 2.72 | n.s. |
Risk of BIAS sum score | 0.06 | 0.37 | −0.66 | 0.77 | n.s. |
Mean age at baseline (years) | −0.01 | 0.04 | −0.08 | 0.06 | n.s. |
Current pain (VAS or NRS) | −0.95 | 0.81 | −2.54 | 0.63 | n.s. |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.05 | 0.23 | −0.4 | 0.5 | n.s. |
Characteristic pain intensity (0–100) | 0 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.07 | n.s. |
Model 2—Single Level Meta-Regression | |||||
Mean effect size | N effect sizes included | R-square | Homogeneity Q | Homogeneity p-value | |
Descriptives | −0.2772 | 17 | 0.0252 | 0.0077 | >0.05 |
Independent variable | B | Standard error | 95% CI | Z-value | p-value |
MCE versus other | 0.211 | 3.16 | −6.3; 6.1 | −0.035 | >0.05 |
MCE + behavioral versus other | −0.109 | 3.15 | −4.03; 3.55 | 0.0067 | >0.05 |
MCE + perturbation versus other | −0.0782 | 2.97 | −5.9; 5.74 | −0.026 | >0.05 |
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Niederer, D.; Engel, T.; Vogt, L.; Arampatzis, A.; Banzer, W.; Beck, H.; Moreno Catalá, M.; Brenner-Fliesser, M.; Güthoff, C.; Haag, T.; et al. Motor Control Stabilisation Exercise for Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Meta-Analysis with Multilevel Meta-Regressions on Intervention Effects. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093058
Niederer D, Engel T, Vogt L, Arampatzis A, Banzer W, Beck H, Moreno Catalá M, Brenner-Fliesser M, Güthoff C, Haag T, et al. Motor Control Stabilisation Exercise for Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Meta-Analysis with Multilevel Meta-Regressions on Intervention Effects. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093058
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiederer, Daniel, Tilman Engel, Lutz Vogt, Adamantios Arampatzis, Winfried Banzer, Heidrun Beck, María Moreno Catalá, Michael Brenner-Fliesser, Claas Güthoff, Thore Haag, and et al. 2020. "Motor Control Stabilisation Exercise for Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Meta-Analysis with Multilevel Meta-Regressions on Intervention Effects" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093058