Impact of Psychological Distress and Sleep Quality on Balance Confidence, Muscle Strength, and Functional Balance in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Study Parameters
2.2.1. Balance Confidence
2.2.2. Muscle Strength
2.2.3. Functional Balance
2.2.4. Sleep Quality
2.2.5. Psychological Distress
2.2.6. Fatigue Severity
2.2.7. Nutritional Status
2.2.8. Physical Activity Level
2.3. Sample Size Calculation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Participants (n = 304) | Risk of Falling (ABC) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 231) | Yes (n = 73) | p-Value | ||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
PSQI | Sleep quality | 1.01 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 1.04 | 0.87 | 0.738 |
Sleep latency | 1.18 | 1.09 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 1.26 | 1.11 | 0.475 | |
Sleep duration | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.94 | 0.890 | |
Sleep efficiency | 0.95 | 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.08 | 0.658 | |
Sleep disturbances | 1.23 | 0.58 | 1.22 | 0.57 | 1.27 | 0.61 | 0.461 | |
Use of sleeping medication | 1.01 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 1.34 | 0.97 | 1.34 | 0.804 | |
Daytime dysfunction | 0.49 | 0.63 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.68 | 0.130 | |
Total score | 6.87 | 4.70 | 6.82 | 4.58 | 7.04 | 5.11 | 0.725 | |
Anxiety | 5.74 | 4.02 | 5.34 | 4.07 | 7.01 | 3.58 | 0.002 | |
Depression | 4.99 | 3.44 | 4.62 | 3.38 | 6.14 | 3.39 | 0.001 | |
Physical activity level, MET-min/week | 1367.96 | 2213.43 | 1310.16 | 1817.89 | 1549.29 | 3157.97 | 0.422 | |
Nutritional status | 26.31 | 2.08 | 26.52 | 1.99 | 25.64 | 2.22 | 0.002 | |
Fatigue | 21.33 | 15.25 | 18.87 | 13.96 | 29.14 | 16.58 | <0.001 | |
Age, years | 72.04 | 7.88 | 70.99 | 7.27 | 75.38 | 8.82 | <0.001 | |
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Sex | Male | 255 | 83.88 | 37 | 16.02 | 12 | 16.44 | 0.932 |
Female | 49 | 16.12 | 194 | 83.98 | 61 | 83.56 |
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Risk of falling (ABC) | Anxiety | 1.10 | 1.02–1.18 | 0.012 |
Fatigue | 1.04 | 1.02–1.06 | 0.000 | |
Age | 1.08 | 1.04–1.12 | 0.000 |
Muscle Strength | Functional Balance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p-Value | r | p-Value | ||
PSQI | Sleep quality | 0.06 | 0.264 | 0.03 | 0.654 |
Sleep latency | 0.07 | 0.231 | 0.00 | 0.950 | |
Sleep duration | 0.05 | 0.427 | 0.02 | 0.790 | |
Sleep efficiency | −0.00 | 0.963 | −0.02 | 0.747 | |
Sleep disturbances | 0.01 | 0.808 | −0.02 | 0.665 | |
Use of sleeping medication | 0.03 | 0.602 | 0.13 | 0.028 | |
Daytime dysfunction | 0.01 | 0.854 | 0.04 | 0.474 | |
Total score | 0.05 | 0.416 | 0.04 | 0.464 | |
Anxiety | −0.18 | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.355 | |
Depression | −0.08 | 0.191 | 0.08 | 0.174 | |
Nutritional status | −0.12 | 0.038 | −0.05 | 0.401 | |
Fatigue | −0.14 | 0.017 | 0.06 | 0.281 | |
Age, years | −0.104 | 0.070 | 0.33 | 0.000 | |
Physical activity level (MET-min / week) | 0.103 | 0.075 | −0.12 | 0.035 |
B | β | 95% CI | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle strength | Sex | −10.74 | −0.62 | −12.28 | −9.21 | <0.001 |
Nutritional status | 0.44 | 0.14 | 00.17 | 0.71 | 0.002 | |
Functional balance | Age | 0.12 | 0.34 | −0.09 | −0.16 | <0.001 |
Use of sleeping medication | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.50 | 0.023 |
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Fábrega-Cuadros, R.; Aibar-Almazán, A.; Martínez-Amat, A.; Hita-Contreras, F. Impact of Psychological Distress and Sleep Quality on Balance Confidence, Muscle Strength, and Functional Balance in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older People. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3059. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093059
Fábrega-Cuadros R, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras F. Impact of Psychological Distress and Sleep Quality on Balance Confidence, Muscle Strength, and Functional Balance in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older People. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):3059. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093059
Chicago/Turabian StyleFábrega-Cuadros, Raquel, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Antonio Martínez-Amat, and Fidel Hita-Contreras. 2020. "Impact of Psychological Distress and Sleep Quality on Balance Confidence, Muscle Strength, and Functional Balance in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older People" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 3059. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093059