Comparison of Changes in the Condylar Volume and Morphology in Skeletal Class III Deformities Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Using a Customized versus Conventional Miniplate: A Retrospective Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Treatment Protocols and CBCT Imaging
2.3. Condylar Volume Rendering
2.4. Evaluation of Skeletal Landmark Changes after Surgery
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Condylar Morphological Changes (T0 vs.T2)
3.2. Skeletal Landmark Changes (T1 vs. T2)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Anchor Points | Description |
---|---|
Medial point (red) | A most prominent point on the medial contour of the mandibular condyle |
Lateral point (yellow) | A most prominent point on the lateral contour of the mandibular condyle |
Posterior point (white) | A most prominent point on the posterior contour of the condyle where the cortication tapers to an even thickness |
Height | Distance between the most superior part of the condylar head to a line through medial and lateral anchor point in coronal slice |
Diameter | Distance between the most prominent point on the medial to the lateral side of the mandibular condyle in coronal slice |
Width | Distance between the point on the posterior to the anterior contour of the condyle in axial slice |
Condylar head volume | The volume of condyle above the plane consisting of anchor points |
Joint space volume | The volume of fossa above the plane consisting of anchor points |
Landmarks | Original Terms | Definitions |
---|---|---|
S | Sella | Center of the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone |
N | Nasion | The most anterior point of the nasofrontal suture |
B | B point | The point of maximum concavity in the midline of the alveolar process of mandible |
Pog | Pogonion | The most anterior point of the symphysis of the mandible |
Me | Menton | The most inferior point on the symphysis of the mandible |
SNB | SN to NB | The angle between the SN plane and a plane connecting the NB |
VRP | Vertical Reference plane | The plane perpendicular to the FH plane passing through the nasion |
HRP | Horizontal reference plane | The plane parallel to the FH plane passing through the nasion |
Variables | Non-Customized (n = 10) | Customized (n = 10) |
---|---|---|
Age | 25.2 ± 4.66 | 24.8 ± 3.88 |
Sex | ||
Male | 5(50%) | 6(60%) |
Female | 5(50%) | 4(40%) |
Surgery | ||
Lefort I | 6(60%) | 6(60%) |
Genioplasty | 3(30%) | 4(40%) |
BSSRO | 10(100%) | 10(100%) |
Time | Non-Customized | Customized | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right | Left | p-Value 1 | Right | Left | p-Value 1 | |
Height (mm) | ||||||
T0 | 7.67 ± 1.43 | 7.01 ± 1.21 | 0.279 | 9.06 ± 1.32 | 8.68 ± 1.66 | 0.578 |
T2 | 7.25 ± 1.7 | 6.65 ± 1.43 | 0.404 | 9.68 ± 0.87 | 9.06 ± 1.63 | 0.302 |
Diameter (mm) | ||||||
T0 | 20.95 ± 2.13 | 21 ± 1.45 | 0.952 | 21.73 ± 1.97 | 21.23 ± 2.86 | 0.185 |
T2 | 20.62 ± 2.08 | 20.96 ± 1.7 | 0.693 | 21.49 ± 2.14 | 21.27 ± 3.1 | 0.856 |
Width (mm) | ||||||
T0 | 7.15 ± 0.7 | 7.46 ± 1.21 | 0.492 | 9.65 ± 1.75 | 8.74 ± 2.63 | 0.374 |
T2 | 7.38 ± 0.66 | 7.34 ± 1.37 | 0.935 | 9.94 ± 1.6 | 9.04 ± 2.67 | 0.372 |
Condylar head volume (mm3) | ||||||
T0 | 593.52 ± 174.01 | 483.55 ± 169.12 | 0.169 | 775.83 ± 152.22 | 664.84 ± 271.17 | 0.274 |
T2 | 578.58 ± 180.55 | 485.03 ± 191.52 | 0.276 | 799.83 ± 181.02 | 694.47 ± 224.99 | 0.264 |
Joint space volume (mm3) | ||||||
T0 | 1001.91 ± 304.04 | 701.22 ± 282.43 | <0.05 * | 1019.38 ± 264.03 | 942.91 ± 339.15 | 0.581 |
T2 | 1082.44 ± 474.55 | 785.17 ± 284.17 | 0.106 | 1087.5 ± 159 | 1022.43 ± 328.15 | 0.582 |
Side | Non-Customized | Customized | Between-Group (p-Value 2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diff. | p-Value 1 | Diff. | p-Value 1 | ||
Height (mm) | |||||
Right | −0.42 ± 1.11 | 0.262 | 0.62 ± 1.31 | 0.169 | 0.071 |
Left | −0.36 ± 0.58 | 0.083 | 0.38 ± 0.58 | 0.067 | <0.05 * |
Diameter (mm) | |||||
Right | −0.33 ± 0.63 | 0.133 | −0.24 ± 0.69 | 0.3 | 0.765 |
Left | −0.04 ± 0.44 | 0.779 | 0.04 ± 0.56 | 0.827 | 0.727 |
Width (mm) | |||||
Right | 0.23 ± 0.51 | 0.188 | 0.29 ± 1.2 | 0.463 | 0.886 |
Left | −0.12 ± 0.42 | 0.388 | 0.3 ± 0.65 | 0.177 | 0.102 |
Condylar head volume (mm3) | |||||
Right | −14.94 ± 82.34 | 0.58 | 24 ± 114.72 | 0.525 | 0.395 |
Left | 1.48 ± 74.98 | 0.952 | 29.63 ± 124.01 | 0.469 | 0.547 |
Joint space volume (mm3) | |||||
Right | 80.53 ± 253.54 | 0.341 | 68.12 ± 254.54 | 0.419 | 0.914 |
Left | 83.95 ± 124.98 | <0.05 * | 79.52 ± 206.1 | 0.253 | 0.954 |
Parameters | Non-Customized | Customized | Between-Group (p-Value 2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diff. | p-Value 1 | Diff. | p-Value 1 | ||
N-perp to pog (mm) ¶ | 0.46 ± 2.35 | 0.551 | 0.75 ± 1.61 | 0.174 | 0.751 |
HRP to Me (mm) § | 0.61 ± 1.05 | 0.099 | 1.08 ± 1.55 | 0.055 | 0.438 |
SNB (°) §§ | 0.68 ± 1.44 | 0.169 | 0.47 ± 0.8 | 0.096 | 0.692 |
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Lim, Y.N.; Park, I.-Y.; Kim, J.-C.; Byun, S.-H.; Yang, B.-E. Comparison of Changes in the Condylar Volume and Morphology in Skeletal Class III Deformities Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Using a Customized versus Conventional Miniplate: A Retrospective Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092794
Lim YN, Park I-Y, Kim J-C, Byun S-H, Yang B-E. Comparison of Changes in the Condylar Volume and Morphology in Skeletal Class III Deformities Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Using a Customized versus Conventional Miniplate: A Retrospective Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092794
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, You Na, In-Young Park, Jong-Cheol Kim, Soo-Hwan Byun, and Byoung-Eun Yang. 2020. "Comparison of Changes in the Condylar Volume and Morphology in Skeletal Class III Deformities Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Using a Customized versus Conventional Miniplate: A Retrospective Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092794