Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Spanish People with Chronic Pain: An Online Study Survey
1
eHealth Lab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
2
Centro de Psicología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
3
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
4
eHealth Lab Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
5
Faculty of Educational Sciencies and Psychology, Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
6
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
7
Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Both authors contributed equally and should be considered as co-first authors.
‡
These authors share senior authorship.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(11), 3558; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113558
Received: 17 October 2020
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Revised: 31 October 2020
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Accepted: 2 November 2020
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Published: 5 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on the Quality of Life of the General Population)
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most important healthcare and societal challenges to have emerged in the last century. It may have effects on both physical and psychosocial health, but studies considering the impact on vulnerable populations, such as people with chronic pain, are needed. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey of relevant chronic pain domains, coping strategies, triggers and potential related variables was answered by 502 Spanish individuals with chronic pain. Participants were mainly women (88%) with longstanding chronic pain and moderate to high pain intensity and disability. The perception of pain aggravation and the most pain-related outcomes were observed. Contextual variables such as job insecurity, worries about the future, people cohabiting, being close to someone who had passed away, or being potentially infected with COVID-19 were related to worse outcomes. More than half the participants altered their pain management style (e.g., increased medication intake) and several changes occurred with respect to pain triggers (cognitions, feelings of insecurity and loneliness, and sleeping problems were more frequently reported as triggers during lockdown). Our preliminary results highlight the negative effects of lockdown on patients with chronic pain as well as the need to make available cost-effective and remotely accessible healthcare resources for counteracting them.
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Keywords:
COVID-19; chronic pain; lockdown; triggers; coping; well-being
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Nieto, R.; Pardo, R.; Sora, B.; Feliu-Soler, A.; Luciano, J.V. Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Spanish People with Chronic Pain: An Online Study Survey. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3558. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113558
AMA Style
Nieto R, Pardo R, Sora B, Feliu-Soler A, Luciano JV. Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Spanish People with Chronic Pain: An Online Study Survey. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(11):3558. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113558
Chicago/Turabian StyleNieto, Rubén, Rebeca Pardo, Beatriz Sora, Albert Feliu-Soler, and Juan V. Luciano. 2020. "Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Spanish People with Chronic Pain: An Online Study Survey" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11: 3558. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113558
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