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Article

The Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1, Regulatory T Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria-Lung Disease

by
Chin-Chung Shu
1,2,†,
Sheng-Wei Pan
3,4,5,†,
Jia-Yih Feng
3,4,
Jann-Yuan Wang
1,2,
Yu-Jiun Chan
6,7,
Chong-Jen Yu
1,2,* and
Wei-Juin Su
3,4
1
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
2
College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
3
Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
4
School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
5
Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
6
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
7
Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These two authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(5), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050736
Submission received: 12 April 2019 / Revised: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 18 May 2019 / Published: 23 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis: Clinical Applications in the Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Abstract

Background: Increasing expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD) has been reported, but its role in clinical characteristics and outcomes remains unclear. Methods: We enrolled 96 participants, including 46 with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-LD, 23 with M. abscessus (MAB)-LD, and 27 controls. We measured expressions of PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and regulatory T (Treg) cells on CD4+ lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and analyzed their association with clinical features and radiographic outcomes. Results: The percentage of PD-1 on CD4+(PD-1+CD4+) lymphocytes and MDSCs were higher in the MAC-LD group than the controls. There were no intergroup differences regarding CTLA-4+CD4+ lymphocytes. Higher PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes were found in M. intracellulare- and M. avium-LD than in other MAC-LD. Positive sputum acid-fast stains and fibrocavitary radiographic lesions were correlated with elevated PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes and Treg cells. The percentage of PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes at the initial and 2 months of follow-up significantly predicted subsequent radiographic progression. Conclusion: As markers of immune tolerance, PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes and MDSCs were higher in MAC-LD patients. The levels of PD-1+CD4+ and Treg cells were correlated with high mycobacteria bacilli burden in NTM-LD. Monitoring the expressions of PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes may predict radiographic progression.
Keywords: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4; Mycobacterium avium complex; Mycobacterium abscessus; myeloid derived suppressor cells; nontuberculous mycobacteria; programmed death-1; regulatory T cells cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4; Mycobacterium avium complex; Mycobacterium abscessus; myeloid derived suppressor cells; nontuberculous mycobacteria; programmed death-1; regulatory T cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shu, C.-C.; Pan, S.-W.; Feng, J.-Y.; Wang, J.-Y.; Chan, Y.-J.; Yu, C.-J.; Su, W.-J. The Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1, Regulatory T Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria-Lung Disease. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050736

AMA Style

Shu C-C, Pan S-W, Feng J-Y, Wang J-Y, Chan Y-J, Yu C-J, Su W-J. The Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1, Regulatory T Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria-Lung Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(5):736. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050736

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu, Chin-Chung, Sheng-Wei Pan, Jia-Yih Feng, Jann-Yuan Wang, Yu-Jiun Chan, Chong-Jen Yu, and Wei-Juin Su. 2019. "The Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1, Regulatory T Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria-Lung Disease" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 5: 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050736

APA Style

Shu, C.-C., Pan, S.-W., Feng, J.-Y., Wang, J.-Y., Chan, Y.-J., Yu, C.-J., & Su, W.-J. (2019). The Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1, Regulatory T Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria-Lung Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(5), 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050736

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