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Article

Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) and AMIC Enhanced by Autologous Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMAC) Allow for Stable Clinical and Functional Improvements at up to 9 Years Follow-Up: Results from a Randomized Controlled Study

by
Laura de Girolamo
1,*,
Herbert Schönhuber
1,
Marco Viganò
1,
Corrado Bait
2,
Alessandro Quaglia
2,
Gabriele Thiebat
1 and
Piero Volpi
2
1
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
2
Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(3), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030392
Submission received: 27 February 2019 / Revised: 12 March 2019 / Accepted: 15 March 2019 / Published: 21 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cartilage Repair and Restorative Procedures)
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Abstract

The aims of the study were to evaluate long-term outcomes after autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) in the treatment of focal chondral lesions and to assess the possible improvements given by the combination of this technique with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). Twenty-four patients (age range 18–55 years) affected by focal knee chondral lesions were treated with standard AMIC or AMIC enhanced by BMAC (AMIC+). Pain (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) and functional scores (Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Tegner, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)) were collected pre-operatively and then at 6, 12, 24, 60, and 100 months after treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation was performed pre-operatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months follow-ups. Patients treated with AMIC+ showed higher Lysholm scores (p = 0.015) and lower VAS (p = 0.011) in comparison with patients in the standard AMIC group at the 12 months follow-up. Both treatments allowed for functional and pain improvements with respect to pre-operative levels lasting up to 100 months. MRI revealed consistent cartilage repair at 24 months in both groups. This study shows that AMIC and AMIC+ are effective treatments for focal chondral lesions with beneficial effect lasting up to 9 years. AMIC+ allows for faster recovery from injury, and is thus more indicated for patients requiring a prompt return to activity. Level of evidence: II, randomized controlled trial in an explorative cohort.
Keywords: autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC); bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC); cartilage repair; chondral lesions; mesenchymal stem cells autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC); bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC); cartilage repair; chondral lesions; mesenchymal stem cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

de Girolamo, L.; Schönhuber, H.; Viganò, M.; Bait, C.; Quaglia, A.; Thiebat, G.; Volpi, P. Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) and AMIC Enhanced by Autologous Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMAC) Allow for Stable Clinical and Functional Improvements at up to 9 Years Follow-Up: Results from a Randomized Controlled Study. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030392

AMA Style

de Girolamo L, Schönhuber H, Viganò M, Bait C, Quaglia A, Thiebat G, Volpi P. Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) and AMIC Enhanced by Autologous Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMAC) Allow for Stable Clinical and Functional Improvements at up to 9 Years Follow-Up: Results from a Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(3):392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030392

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Girolamo, Laura, Herbert Schönhuber, Marco Viganò, Corrado Bait, Alessandro Quaglia, Gabriele Thiebat, and Piero Volpi. 2019. "Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) and AMIC Enhanced by Autologous Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMAC) Allow for Stable Clinical and Functional Improvements at up to 9 Years Follow-Up: Results from a Randomized Controlled Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 3: 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030392

APA Style

de Girolamo, L., Schönhuber, H., Viganò, M., Bait, C., Quaglia, A., Thiebat, G., & Volpi, P. (2019). Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) and AMIC Enhanced by Autologous Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMAC) Allow for Stable Clinical and Functional Improvements at up to 9 Years Follow-Up: Results from a Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030392

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