Usefulness of Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers from Aqueous Humor in Predicting Anti-VEGF Response in Diabetic Macular Edema: Results of a Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Patients
2.2. Definition of Response to Treatment
- (1)
- Rapid response: reduction >50% in CRT at three months (one month after the third injection);
- (2)
- Slow response: reduction between 10–50% in CRT at three months, but >50% at five months (one month after the fifth injection);
- (3)
- No response: <20% reduction in CRT at both three and five months [20].
2.3. Aqueous and Vitreous Humor Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CV Intra-Assay | Low Limit of Detection (pg/mL) | |
---|---|---|
VEGF | 0.57% | 2.76 |
PlGF | 0.19% | 0.05 |
HGF | 0.76% | 1.50 |
EGF | 13.85% | 2.49 |
Angiopoietin 2 | 0.56% | 2.41 |
PDGF-AA | 0.65% | 0.88 |
PDGF-AB/BB | 0.94% | 1.30 |
MMP-9 | 0.17% | 1.10 |
IL-1β | 1.16% | 0.24 |
IL-6 | 1.15% | 0.78 |
IL-8 | 0.51% | 1.20 |
IL-10 | 0.71% | 1.75 |
IL-12p70 | 0.59% | 1.69 |
TNF-α | 1.02% | 1.41 |
TNFR1 | 0.36% | 4.59 |
TNFR2 | 0.55% | 9.00 |
Rapid-Response to anti-VEGF (n = 11) | Slow-Response to anti-VEGF (n = 11) | Non-Response to anti-VEGF (n = 9) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (M/F) | 6/5 | 6/5 | 7/2 | n.s. |
Age (years) | 67.5 ± 9.7 | 71 ± 6.9 | 68.1 ± 11.6 | n.s. |
Diabetes duration (years) | 12.7 ± 2.6 | 12.9 ± 2.6 | 11.6 ± 2.9 | n.s. |
HbA1c (%) | 7.75 ± 1.34 | 7.54 ± 1.11 | 7.84 ± 1.3 | n.s. |
Insulin treatment (%) | 70 | 81.8 | 33.3 | n.s. |
Phakic status (%) | n.s. | |||
No cataract | 4 | 2 | 5 | |
Cataract | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Previous cataract surgery | 6 | 8 | 4 | |
Glaucoma (%) | 10 | 27.3 | 33.3 | n.s. |
NPDR (%) / PDR (%) | 91 / 9 | 82/18 | 89/11 | n.s. |
Central Retinal Thickness (µm) | 443 ± 91 | 542 ± 179 | 449 ± 67 | n.s. |
Macular volume (mm3) | 9.67 ± 1.83 | 11.55 ± 4.16 | 9.62 ± 1.37 | n.s. |
Mean BCVA (ETDRS letters) | 65 (20/50) | 67.2 (20/50) | 62.5 (20/63) | n.s. |
Rapid-Response to anti-VEGF (n = 11) | Delayed-Response to anti-VEGF (n = 11) | Non-Response to anti-VEGF (n = 9) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
VEGF (pg/mL) | 62.2 (10–160) | 10.1 (2.7–26.8) | 2.7 (2.7–55) | 0.08 * |
0.03 ** | ||||
PIGF (pg/mL) | 266 (3.8–266) | 266 (8.9–266) | 266 (2.6–266) | 0.84 * |
0.99 ** | ||||
HGF (pg/mL) | 343 (35.19–433) | 482 (198–2036) | 258 (177–759) | 0.15 * |
0.94 ** | ||||
Angiopoietin-2 (pg/mL) | 5.6 (4.5–20.7) | 15.5 (5.6–30.62) | 6.8 (2–21.9) | 0.13 * |
0.88 ** | ||||
PDGF-AA (pg/mL) | 18.9 (6.8–18.9) | 27.2 (22–27.3) | 13 (11.2–17.5) | 0.74 * |
0.37 ** | ||||
MMP-9 (pg/mL) | 74.3 (28.4–174) | 237 (93.4–282) | 73 (2–182) | 0.07 * |
0.41 ** | ||||
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 4 (0.7–17) | 6.7 (3–13.6) | 1.52 (0.7–7.7) | 0.51 * |
0.71 ** | ||||
IL-8 (pg/mL) | 3.2 (1.6–10.6) | 11.5 (4.1–25.8) | 4.9 (2.3–12.4) | 0.07* |
0.60 ** | ||||
TNFR1 (pg/mL) | 122 (32.5–168) | 171 (91.4–307) | 114 (46.5–219) | 0.10 * |
0.90 ** | ||||
TNFR2 (pg/mL) | 215 (85.3–372) | 340 (210–755) | 234 (124–352) | 0.07 * |
0.76 ** |
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Udaondo, P.; Hernández, C.; Briansó-Llort, L.; García-Delpech, S.; Simó-Servat, O.; Simó, R. Usefulness of Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers from Aqueous Humor in Predicting Anti-VEGF Response in Diabetic Macular Edema: Results of a Pilot Study. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111841
Udaondo P, Hernández C, Briansó-Llort L, García-Delpech S, Simó-Servat O, Simó R. Usefulness of Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers from Aqueous Humor in Predicting Anti-VEGF Response in Diabetic Macular Edema: Results of a Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(11):1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111841
Chicago/Turabian StyleUdaondo, Patricia, Cristina Hernández, Laura Briansó-Llort, Salvador García-Delpech, Olga Simó-Servat, and Rafael Simó. 2019. "Usefulness of Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers from Aqueous Humor in Predicting Anti-VEGF Response in Diabetic Macular Edema: Results of a Pilot Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11: 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111841