Disordered Eating Behaviours and Eating Disorders in Women in Australia with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Outcome Measures
2.3.1. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire
2.3.2. Disordered Eating Criteria
2.3.3. Eating Disorder Screening Criteria
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Clinically Indicative EDE-Q Scores
3.3. Prevalence of Disordered Eating and Eating Disorder Diagnosis
3.4. Demographic Predictors of Disordered Eating and Eating Disorder Diagnosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
EDE-Q Diagnosis | Diagnosis Criteria |
---|---|
Anorexia nervosa |
|
Binge eating disorder |
|
Bulimia nervosa |
|
Other specified feeding and eating disorder | Having one of the following disorders: Atypical anorexia nervosa, low frequency/ limited duration bulimia nervosa, low frequency/limited duration binge-eating disorder or purging disorder. |
Atypical anorexia nervosa | Same criteria as Anorexia Nervosa however BMI>17.5kg/m2 |
Low frequency or limited duration bulimia nervosa | Presence of low frequency binge eating score 1–3 (Question 15) with any of the following compensatory behaviours occurring at lower frequency of duration over the past 28 days:
|
Low frequency or limited duration binge-eating disorder | Presence of low frequency binge eating score 1–3 (Question 15) only with no other compensatory behaviours |
Purging disorder | Self-induced vomiting score ≥4 (Question 16) or laxative use score ≥ 4 (Question 17) and dietary restraint score ≥3 (Question 1) with no other eating disorders. |
Unspecified feeding or eating disorder | Global score ≥4 with no other eating disorders diagnosed |
Disordered eating | Global score ≥1.52 but no presence of eating disorders |
Appendix B
Variable | PCOS | Controls | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Global score | 2.30 (1.12) | 2.08 (1.42) | 0.016 |
Restraint* | 2.20 (2.60) | 1.20 (2.20) | <0.001 |
Weight concern | 2.43 (1.08) | 2.63 (1.77) | 0.047 |
Shape concern | 2.69 (1.18) | 2.95 (1.74) | 0.011 |
Eating concern* | 1.40 (2.40) | 0.60 (1.80) | <0.001 |
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Variable | PCOS N = 501 | Control N = 398 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 30.5 ± 5.9 | 22.8 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander | 16 (3.2) | 1 (0.3) | <0.001 |
Country of birth | 0.003 | ||
Australia | 432 (86.2) | 330 (82.9) | 0.170 |
Asia | 15 (3.0) | 25 (6.3) | 0.018 |
Europe | 26 (5.2) | 14 (3.5) | 0.003 |
Other | 28 (5.6) | 22 (5.5) | 0.968 |
Weight (kg) | 91.8 ± 25.5 | 66.9 ± 17.6 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 33.6 ± 9.3 | 24.3 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 5 (1.0) | 29 (7.3) | 0.175 |
Healthy weight (18.5 - <25kg/m2) | 90 (18.0) | 233 (58.5) | 0.025 |
Overweight (25 - <30 kg/m2) | 88 (17.6) | 80 (20.1) | 0.001 |
Obese (≥30kg/m2) | 312 (62.3) | 49 (12.3) | 0.049 |
Variable | PCOS N = 501 | Controls N = 398 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Prevalence of clinically indicative EDE-Q scores (≥4) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Global score | 36 (7.2) | 53 (13) | 0.002 |
Dietary restraint | 88 (18) | 42 (11) | 0.003* |
Weight concern | 46 (9.2) | 103 (26) | <0.001 |
Shape concern | 85 (17) | 127 (32) | <0.001 |
Eating concern | 47 (9.4) | 28 (7.0) | 0.207 |
Prevalence of eating disorder diagnosis | |||
All eating disorder diagnosis | 310 (62) | 223 (56) | 0.076 |
Anorexia nervosa | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.3) | 0.012 |
Bulimia nervosa | 26 (5.2) | 18 (4.5) | 0.645 |
Binge-eating disorder | 143 (29) | 92 (23) | 0.066 |
Other specified feeding or eating disorder | 135 (27) | 96 (24) | 0.336 |
Atypical anorexia nervosa | 0 (0.0) | 23 (5.8) | <0.001 |
Low frequency bulimia nervosa | 47 (9.4) | 32 (8.0) | 0.481 |
Low frequency binge-eating disorder | 82 (16) | 47 (12) | 0.053 |
Purging disorder | 6 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 0.507 |
Unspecified feeding or eating disorder | 6 (1.2) | 12 (3.0) | 0.053 |
Disordered eating | 107 (21) | 59 (15) | 0.012 |
Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | β | SE | OR | p | 95% CI [Lower, Upper] | β | SE | OR | p | 95% CI [Lower, Upper] |
PCOS status | −0.45 | 0.18 | 0.64 | 0.013 | 0.45, 0.91 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 1.17 | 0.477 | 0.75, 1.83 |
Age | 0.06 | 0.01 | 1.06 | <0.001 | 1.03, 1.08 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 0.002 | 1.02, 1.08 |
BMI | 0.04 | 0.01 | 1.04 | <0.001 | 1.02, 1.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 1.03 | 0.012 | 1.01, 1.05 |
COB | −0.33 | 0.26 | 0.72 | 0.207 | 0.43, 1.20 | - | - | - | - | - |
Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander | 0.62 | 0.54 | 1.87 | 0.247 | 0.65, 5.37 | - | - | - | - | - |
Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | β | SE | OR | p | 95% CI [Lower, Upper] | β | SE | OR | p | 95% CI [Lower, Upper] |
PCOS status | 0.24 | 0.14 | 1.27 | 0.077 | 0.98, 1.67 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 1.38 | 0.076 | 0.97, 1.95 |
Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.064 | 0.96, 1.00 | −0.05 | 0.01 | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.93, 0.97 |
BMI | 0.03 | 0.01 | 1.03 | <0.001 | 1.01, 1.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 1.04 | <0.001 | 1.02, 1.06 |
COB | −0.15 | 0.19 | 0.86 | 0.425 | 0.60, 1.24 | - | - | - | - | - |
Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander | −0.08 | 0.17 | 0.93 | 0.647 | 0.66, 1.29 | - | - | - | - | - |
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Pirotta, S.; Barillaro, M.; Brennan, L.; Grassi, A.; Jeanes, Y.M.; Joham, A.E.; Kulkarni, J.; Couch, L.M.; Lim, S.S.; Moran, L.J. Disordered Eating Behaviours and Eating Disorders in Women in Australia with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101682
Pirotta S, Barillaro M, Brennan L, Grassi A, Jeanes YM, Joham AE, Kulkarni J, Couch LM, Lim SS, Moran LJ. Disordered Eating Behaviours and Eating Disorders in Women in Australia with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(10):1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101682
Chicago/Turabian StylePirotta, Stephanie, Mary Barillaro, Leah Brennan, Angela Grassi, Yvonne M. Jeanes, Anju E. Joham, Jayashri Kulkarni, Lynn Monahan Couch, Siew S. Lim, and Lisa J. Moran. 2019. "Disordered Eating Behaviours and Eating Disorders in Women in Australia with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10: 1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101682
APA StylePirotta, S., Barillaro, M., Brennan, L., Grassi, A., Jeanes, Y. M., Joham, A. E., Kulkarni, J., Couch, L. M., Lim, S. S., & Moran, L. J. (2019). Disordered Eating Behaviours and Eating Disorders in Women in Australia with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(10), 1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101682