Pushing the DIEP Envelope: Where Are We Now?
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Discussion
2.1. Optimizing Volume and Perfusion
2.1.1. Stacked and Conjoined DIEP Flaps
2.1.2. Dual-Plane and Extended Flaps
2.1.3. Hybrid Autologous Techniques
2.1.4. DIEP Delay
2.2. Donor Site Optimization
2.2.1. Nerve-Sparing DIEP
2.2.2. Minimally-Invasive DIEP Flap Harvest Techniques
2.2.3. Limited Fascial Incision (LFI) Techniques
2.2.4. Laparoscopic Harvested DIEP Flap
2.2.5. Robotic DIEP Flap
2.2.6. APEX Flap
2.2.7. Mesh Reinforcement
2.3. Composite DIEP Flap
2.4. Optimizing Breast Aesthetics
2.4.1. Mastectomy Flap Considerations
2.4.2. Nipple Sparing Mastectomy Incisions
2.4.3. Staged Reduction and Mastopexy
2.4.4. Free Nipple Grafts
2.5. Sensory Restoration
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clark, C.; Daar, D.A.; Salibian, A.A. Pushing the DIEP Envelope: Where Are We Now? J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176248
Clark C, Daar DA, Salibian AA. Pushing the DIEP Envelope: Where Are We Now? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(17):6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176248
Chicago/Turabian StyleClark, Chase, David A. Daar, and Ara A. Salibian. 2025. "Pushing the DIEP Envelope: Where Are We Now?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 17: 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176248
APA StyleClark, C., Daar, D. A., & Salibian, A. A. (2025). Pushing the DIEP Envelope: Where Are We Now? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(17), 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176248