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Review

Should We Rule out Celiac Disease in Recurrent Headache Disorders? A Review of the Literature

by
Lorenzo Perilli
1,*,
Samanta Carbone
1,
Luca Franco Novelletto
1,
Andrea Santangelo
2,3,
Maria Rosaria Curcio
1,
Federica Lotti
1 and
Salvatore Grosso
1
1
Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
2
Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
3
Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2615; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092615
Submission received: 30 March 2024 / Revised: 20 April 2024 / Accepted: 25 April 2024 / Published: 29 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migraines: Diagnosis and Treatment)

Abstract

Recurrent headaches, encompassing migraine and tension-type headaches, represent prevalent conditions affecting individuals across different age groups, exerting a substantial influence on daily functioning and quality of life. Headaches serve as common manifestations of underlying health issues. Among these, celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder activated by gluten consumption, has emerged as a noteworthy concern. Recent research indicates a correlation between celiac disease and heightened susceptibility to headaches, particularly migraines. Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic, widespread disorder presenting a heterogeneous constellation of symptoms with a relatively easy diagnosis and therapy. Among signs and symptoms exhibited in celiac disease patients, headache is one of the most common neurological issues addressed among both adults and children. Headache disorders and CD are highly prevalent in the general population; for this reason, any causal association between these conditions and the role of a gluten-free diet (GFD) has been debated. The aim of this manuscript is to review the current scientific literature regarding the potential association between CD and headaches and the beneficial effects of a GFD. Among the various authors, in our opinion, the current state of the evidence suggests a significant role for the early screening of CD during the initial diagnosis of recurrent headaches, either in adults or children.
Keywords: headache; migraine; celiac disease; gluten-free diet headache; migraine; celiac disease; gluten-free diet

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MDPI and ACS Style

Perilli, L.; Carbone, S.; Novelletto, L.F.; Santangelo, A.; Curcio, M.R.; Lotti, F.; Grosso, S. Should We Rule out Celiac Disease in Recurrent Headache Disorders? A Review of the Literature. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092615

AMA Style

Perilli L, Carbone S, Novelletto LF, Santangelo A, Curcio MR, Lotti F, Grosso S. Should We Rule out Celiac Disease in Recurrent Headache Disorders? A Review of the Literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(9):2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092615

Chicago/Turabian Style

Perilli, Lorenzo, Samanta Carbone, Luca Franco Novelletto, Andrea Santangelo, Maria Rosaria Curcio, Federica Lotti, and Salvatore Grosso. 2024. "Should We Rule out Celiac Disease in Recurrent Headache Disorders? A Review of the Literature" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 9: 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092615

APA Style

Perilli, L., Carbone, S., Novelletto, L. F., Santangelo, A., Curcio, M. R., Lotti, F., & Grosso, S. (2024). Should We Rule out Celiac Disease in Recurrent Headache Disorders? A Review of the Literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(9), 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092615

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