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Review

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Pathogenesis, Oral Manifestations, and the Role of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Narrative Review

by
Dario Di Stasio
1,†,
Agostino Guida
2,*,†,
Antonio Romano
1,
Massimo Petruzzi
3,
Aldo Marrone
1,
Fausto Fiori
1 and
Alberta Lucchese
1
1
Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy
2
U.O.C. Odontostomatologia, A.O.R.N. “A. Cardarelli”, 95123 Naples, Italy
3
Section of Dentistry, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Clinica Odontoiatrica del Policlinico di Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(14), 4012; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144012
Submission received: 16 April 2024 / Revised: 4 July 2024 / Accepted: 6 July 2024 / Published: 9 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stomatognathic Diseases: State of the Art and Future Perspectives)
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Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health concern with significant systemic implications, including a range of oral manifestations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the oral and dental pathologies related to HCV, the etiopathogenetic mechanisms linking such conditions to HCV and the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Common oral manifestations of HCV include oral lichen planus (OLP), periodontal disease, and xerostomia. The pathogenesis of these conditions involves both direct viral effects on oral tissues and indirect effects related to the immune response to HCV. Our literature analysis, using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, suggests that both the HCV infection and the immune response to HCV contribute to the increased prevalence of these oral diseases. The introduction of DAA therapy represents a significant advancement in HCV treatment, but its effects on oral manifestations, particularly OLP, are still under evaluation. Although a possible mechanism linking HCV to OSCC is yet to be determined, existing evidence encourages further investigation in this sense. Our findings highlight the need for established protocols for managing the oral health of patients with HCV, aiming to improve outcomes and quality of life.
Keywords: hepatitis C; extra-hepatic manifestations; oral mucosa; oral cavity hepatitis C; extra-hepatic manifestations; oral mucosa; oral cavity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Di Stasio, D.; Guida, A.; Romano, A.; Petruzzi, M.; Marrone, A.; Fiori, F.; Lucchese, A. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Pathogenesis, Oral Manifestations, and the Role of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144012

AMA Style

Di Stasio D, Guida A, Romano A, Petruzzi M, Marrone A, Fiori F, Lucchese A. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Pathogenesis, Oral Manifestations, and the Role of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(14):4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144012

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Stasio, Dario, Agostino Guida, Antonio Romano, Massimo Petruzzi, Aldo Marrone, Fausto Fiori, and Alberta Lucchese. 2024. "Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Pathogenesis, Oral Manifestations, and the Role of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Narrative Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 14: 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144012

APA Style

Di Stasio, D., Guida, A., Romano, A., Petruzzi, M., Marrone, A., Fiori, F., & Lucchese, A. (2024). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Pathogenesis, Oral Manifestations, and the Role of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(14), 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144012

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