Conservative Bladder Management and Medical Treatment in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Goal of Bladder Management
3. Management of Storage Dysfunction
3.1. Physical Therapy
3.2. Antimuscarinic Drugs
3.3. Desmopressin
3.4. β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists
3.5. Neuromodulation
3.6. Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
Detrusor Botox Injection Treatment
4. Management of Voiding Dysfunction
4.1. Catheterization
4.2. Triggered Voiding
4.3. Alpha-Adrenoceptor Blockers
4.4. Botox Injection into Urethral Sphincter Muscle
5. Active Surveillance of Urinary Tract Function and Active Treatment in Chronic SCI Patients
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ong, H.L.; Chiang, I.-N.; Hsu, L.-N.; Chin, C.-W.; Shao, I.-H.; Jang, M.-Y.; Juan, Y.-S.; Wang, C.-C.; Kuo, H.-C., on behalf of the Taiwan Continence Society Spinal Cord Injury Study Group. Conservative Bladder Management and Medical Treatment in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052021
Ong HL, Chiang I-N, Hsu L-N, Chin C-W, Shao I-H, Jang M-Y, Juan Y-S, Wang C-C, Kuo H-C on behalf of the Taiwan Continence Society Spinal Cord Injury Study Group. Conservative Bladder Management and Medical Treatment in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(5):2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052021
Chicago/Turabian StyleOng, Hueih Ling, I-Ni Chiang, Lin-Nei Hsu, Cheih-Wen Chin, I-Hung Shao, Mei-Yu Jang, Yung-Shun Juan, Chung-Cheng Wang, and Hann-Chorng Kuo on behalf of the Taiwan Continence Society Spinal Cord Injury Study Group. 2023. "Conservative Bladder Management and Medical Treatment in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5: 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052021