Cirrhosis, a Global and Challenging Disease
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Ginès, P.; Krag, A.; Abraldes, J.G.; Solà, E.; Fabrellas, N.; Kamath, P.S. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 2021, 398, 1359–1376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karlsen, T.H.; Sheron, N.; Zelber-Sagi, S.; Carrieri, P.; Dusheiko, G.; Bugianesi, E.; Pryke, R.; Hutchinson, S.J.; Sangro, B.; Martin, N.K.; et al. The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: Protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality. Lancet 2022, 399, 61–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia-Tsao, G.; Abraldes, J.G.; Berzigotti, A.; Bosch, J. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology 2017, 65, 310–335. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- De Franchis, R.; Bosch, J.; Garcia-Tsao, G.; Reiberger, T.; Ripoll, C. Baveno VII—Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J. Hepatol. 2021, 76, 959–974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jepsen, P.; Younossi, Z.M. The global burden of cirrhosis: A review of disability-adjusted life-years lost and unmet needs. J. Hepatol. 2021, 75 (Suppl. S1), S3–S13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vos, T.; Lim, S.S.; Abbafati, C.; Abbas, K.M.; Abbasi, M.; Abbasifard, M.; Abbasi-Kangevari, M.; Abbastabar, H.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abdelalim, A.; et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020, 396, 1204–1222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rumgay, H.; Arnold, M.; Ferlay, J.; Lesi, O.; Cabasag, C.J.; Vignat, J.; Laversanne, M.; McGlynn, K.A.; Soerjomataram, I. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J. Hepatol. 2022, 21, in press. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Panel, C.P.; Berzigotti, A.; Tsochatzis, E.; Boursier, J.; Castera, L.; Cazzagon, N.; Friedrich-Rust, M.; Petta, S.; Thiele, M.; European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis—2021 update. J. Hepatol. 2021, 75, 659–689. [Google Scholar]
- Fujita, K.; Masaki, T. Serum Biomarkers of Liver Fibrosis Staging in the Era of the Concept “Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease”. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 3340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yano, K.; Onishi, H.; Tsuboyama, T.; Nakamoto, A.; Ota, T.; Fukui, H.; Tatsumi, M.; Tanigaki, T.; Gotoh, K.; Kobayashi, S.; et al. Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Staging: Comparison of MR Elastography with Extracellular Volume Fraction Analysis Using Contrast-Enhanced CT. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bandula, S.; Punwani, S.; Rosenberg, W.M.; Jalan, R.; Hall, A.R.; Dhillon, A.; Moon, J.C.; Taylor, S.A. Equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT imaging to evaluate hepatic fibrosis: Initial validation by comparison with histopathologic sampling. Radiology 2015, 275, 136–143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Flamm, S.L.; Wong, F.; Ahn, J.; Kamath, P.S. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Evaluation and Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cirrhosis: Expert Review. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2022, 33, in press. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Angeli, P.; Garcia-Tsao, G.; Nadim, M.K.; Parikh, C.R. News in pathophysiology, definition and classification of hepatorenal syndrome: A step beyond the International Club of Ascites (ICA) consensus document. J. Hepatol. 2019, 71, 811–822. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yoo, J.J.; Kwon, J.H.; Kim, Y.S.; Nam, S.W.; Park, J.W.; Kim, H.Y.; Kim, C.W.; Shin, S.K.; Chon, Y.E.; Jang, E.S.; et al. The Role of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 4328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Banini, B.A.; Alwatari, Y.; Stovall, M.; Ogden, N.; Gershman, E.; Shah, R.D.; Strife, B.J.; Shojaee, S.; Sterling, R.K. Multidisciplinary Management of Hepatic Hydrothorax in 2020: An Evidence-Based Review and Guidance. Hepatology 2020, 72, 1851–1863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aithal, G.P.; Palaniyappan, N.; China, L.; Härmälä, S.; Macken, L.; Ryan, J.M.; Wilkes, E.A.; Moore, K.; Leithead, J.A.; Hayes, P.C.; et al. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut 2021, 70, 9–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Biggins, S.W.; Angeli, P.; Garcia-Tsao, G.; Ginès, P.; Ling, S.C.; Nadim, M.K.; Wong, F.; Kim, W.R. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2021, 74, 1014–1048. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Matei, D.; Craciun, R.; Crisan, D.; Procopet, B.; Mocan, T.; Pasca, S.; Zaharie, R.; Popovici, B.; Sparchez, Z. Hepatic Hydrothorax-An Independent Decompensating Event Associated with Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 3688. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 2018, 69, 406–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- EASL. Clinical Practice Guidelines on nutrition in chronic liver disease. J. Hepatol. 2019, 70, 172–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ogiso, Y.; Hanai, T.; Nishimura, K.; Miwa, T.; Maeda, T.; Imai, K.; Suetsugu, A.; Takai, K.; Shimizu, M. Usefulness of the Trabecular Bone Score in Assessing the Risk of Vertebral Fractures in Patients with Cirrhosis. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 1562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Castellana, M.; Donghia, R.; Lampignano, L.; Castellana, F.; Zupo, R.; Sardone, R.; Pergola, G.; Giannelli, G. Prevalence of the Absence of Cirrhosis in Subjects with NAFLD-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 4638. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Reig, M.; Forner, A.; Ávila, M.A.; Ayuso, C.; Mínguez, B.; Varela, M.; Bilbao, I.; Burrel, M.; Bustamante, J.; Ferrer, J.; et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Update of the consensus document of the AEEH, AEC, SEOM, SERAM, SERVEI, and SETH. Med. Clin. 2021, 156, 463.e1–463.e30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Loomba, R.; Lim, J.K.; Patton, H.; El-Serag, H.B. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Screening and Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2020, 158, 1822–1830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- EASL. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 2018, 69, 182–236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Marrero, J.A.; Kulik, L.M.; Sirlin, C.B.; Zhu, A.X.; Finn, R.S.; Abecassis, M.M.; Roberts, L.R.; Heimbach, J.K. Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018, 68, 723–750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Reig, M.; Gambato, M.; Man, N.K.; Roberts, J.P.; Victor, D.; Orci, L.A.; Toso, C. Should Patients With NAFLD/NASH Be Surveyed for HCC? Transplantation 2019, 103, 39–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stine, J.G.; Wentworth, B.J.; Zimmet, A.; Rinella, M.E.; Loomba, R.; Caldwell, S.H.; Argo, C.K. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2018, 48, 696–703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Odriozola, A.; Puente, Á.; Cuadrado, A.; Rivas, C.; Anton, Á.; González, F.J.; Pellón, R.; Fábrega, E.; Crespo, J.; Fortea, J.I. Portal Vein Thrombosis in the Setting of Cirrhosis: A Comprehensive Review. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Northup, P.G.; Garcia-Pagan, J.C.; Garcia-Tsao, G.; Intagliata, N.M.; Superina, R.A.; Roberts, L.N.; Lisman, T.; Valla, D.C. Vascular Liver Disorders, Portal Vein Thrombosis, and Procedural Bleeding in Patients with Liver Disease: 2020 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2021, 73, 366–413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Fortea, J.I.; Crespo, J.; Puente, Á. Cirrhosis, a Global and Challenging Disease. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216512
Fortea JI, Crespo J, Puente Á. Cirrhosis, a Global and Challenging Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(21):6512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216512
Chicago/Turabian StyleFortea, José Ignacio, Javier Crespo, and Ángela Puente. 2022. "Cirrhosis, a Global and Challenging Disease" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21: 6512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216512