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Review

Obesity Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pros and Cons “Obesity Paradox”—A Systematic Review

by
Damiana-Maria Vulturar
1,
Carmen-Bianca Crivii
2,*,
Olga Hilda Orăsan
3,
Emanuel Palade
4,
Anca-Dana Buzoianu
5,
Iulia Georgiana Zehan
6 and
Doina Adina Todea
1
1
Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Morphological Sciences Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3
5th Department Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
4
Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
6
Department of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(13), 3844; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133844
Submission received: 4 April 2022 / Revised: 12 June 2022 / Accepted: 28 June 2022 / Published: 2 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19: Special Populations and Risk Factors)
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Abstract

Background: During the last years, the COVID-19 pandemic meets the pandemic generated by obesity, raising many questions regarding the outcomes of those with severe forms of infection. Methods: The present systematic review summarises and analyses the data providing evidence for or against the “obesity-paradox” in COVID-19 patients. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies were included. We also analysed the presumably underlying basic mechanisms. Results: The patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30–40 kg/m2 presented severe symptoms that led to intensive care unit (ICU) admission but not increased death rate. Those with a higher degree of obesity, with a BMI higher than 40 kg/m2, led to a rise in the death rate, particularly in young patients. Obesity was associated with a higher rate of ICU admission but was not determined as an independent predictor of increased mortality. In contrast, some studies suggest a strong association between obesity or morbid obesity and the risk of death. Conclusions: The existence of “obesity-paradox” cannot be stated; our study presents obesity as a critical risk factor in the evolution of COVID-19.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; “obesity-paradox”; intensive care unit; mortality SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; “obesity-paradox”; intensive care unit; mortality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vulturar, D.-M.; Crivii, C.-B.; Orăsan, O.H.; Palade, E.; Buzoianu, A.-D.; Zehan, I.G.; Todea, D.A. Obesity Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pros and Cons “Obesity Paradox”—A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133844

AMA Style

Vulturar D-M, Crivii C-B, Orăsan OH, Palade E, Buzoianu A-D, Zehan IG, Todea DA. Obesity Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pros and Cons “Obesity Paradox”—A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(13):3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133844

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vulturar, Damiana-Maria, Carmen-Bianca Crivii, Olga Hilda Orăsan, Emanuel Palade, Anca-Dana Buzoianu, Iulia Georgiana Zehan, and Doina Adina Todea. 2022. "Obesity Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pros and Cons “Obesity Paradox”—A Systematic Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13: 3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133844

APA Style

Vulturar, D.-M., Crivii, C.-B., Orăsan, O. H., Palade, E., Buzoianu, A.-D., Zehan, I. G., & Todea, D. A. (2022). Obesity Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pros and Cons “Obesity Paradox”—A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(13), 3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133844

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