The Association of the One-Abutment at One-Time Concept with Marginal Bone Loss around the SLA and Platform Switch and Conical Abutment Implants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Age of at least 21 years.
- Good oral hygiene was defined as a full mouth plaque score <25% [21].
- Partial edentulism with the need for two adjacent implant-supported fixed restorations.
- Treated and stable periodontal disease of the remaining dentition.
- Availability of native healed bone to accommodate at least two adjacent implants of ≥8 mm length and ≥3.75 mm width without bone augmentation and a minimum of buccal/lingual or palatal wall of 2 mm after implant installation.
- Existence of a sufficient amount of (≥2 mm) keratinized gingiva for transgingival healing.
- The presence of opposing dentition (natural or restored).
- Uncontrolled diabetes, untreated malignancies, pregnancy, previous/current bisphosphonate therapy, immune diseases.
- Previous radiation therapy to the head and neck area.
- Untreated pathology in the jaws.
- Psychological problems.
- Oral mucosal diseases, such as lichen planus.
- Poor oral hygiene (defined as full mouth plaque score >25% at re-evaluation) or lack of compliance with treatment visits or protocol.
- Active periodontal disease involving the residual dentition.
- Need for bone augmentation.
- Light/heavy smokers.
3. Treatment Protocol
3.1. Surgical Technique and Postoperative Management
3.2. Prosthetic Procedures
3.3. Postoperative Follow-Ups and Treatment
3.4. Outcome Measurements
- -
- Implant crowns bucco–palatal/lingual and mesiodistal diameter in mm measured using a caliper and a 1 mm periodontal probe.
- -
- Multiunit gingival and transmucosal individual abutment height (in mm).
- ▪
- Plaque index (PI)—percentage of visible plaque measured at four sites per implant and tooth (mesial, midfacial, distal, and palatal) at the soft tissue margin [21]. The plaque was stained with a disclosing solution.
- ▪
- Bleeding index—consisting of a dichotomous recording of the absence or presence of bleeding after probing the implant sulcus/pocket within 10 s after probing per site (mesial, midfacial, distal, and palatal).
- ▪
- PD—measured using a light probing force (approximately 25 g) to the nearest mm using a periodontal probe (UNC 15, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA). The probing depth was calculated per implant.
- ▪
- Keratinized mucosal width (KMW) was measured using a 1 mm probe to the nearest mm (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA).
- ▪
- Gingival biotype (thin or thick) reflected by the transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin.
3.5. Radiographic Measurements
4. Statistical Analysis
5. Results
5.1. Implant Survival and Success Rate
5.2. Marginal Bone Level
5.3. Mechanical Complications
6. Discussion
6.1. Present Study Results
6.2. RCT—Similar Clinical Studies HEAs (Healing Abutments) vs. DEFs (Definitive Abutments)
6.3. Implant Neck Position Related to Crestal Bone
6.4. Platform Switch Design
6.5. Abutment Type
6.6. Time of Prosthetic Loading
6.7. Abutment Height and Emergence Profile
6.8. Cementation vs. Screw Retained
6.9. Smoking
6.10. Splinted Implants and Internal vs. External Connection
6.11. Clinical Relevance of the Study
6.12. Limitation of this Study
6.13. Strengths of the Study
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Timeline | Preliminary Visit | Baseline Visit | 12 Weeks | 14–16 Weeks | 24 Weeks | 26–28 Weeks | 1 Year | 3 Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Screen | x | |||||||
Admission criteria | x | |||||||
Informed consent | x | |||||||
Demographics | x | |||||||
Medical history | x | |||||||
Periodontal examination | x | x | x | |||||
Parallel periapical X-ray | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
SRP–hygiene reinforcement | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
Implant placement | x | |||||||
Impressions–maxilla | x | |||||||
Impressions–mandible | x | |||||||
Prosthetic delivery | x | x |
No | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Female | 15 | 71 | |
Male | 6 | 29 | |
Implant position | |||
Maxilla | 9 | 43 | |
Mandible | 12 | 57 | |
Diabetes | |||
No | 18 | 86 | |
HbA1c < 7 | 3 | 14 | |
Periodontal diagnosis | |||
Stage 1 | 2 | 10 | |
(Tonetti 2018) | |||
Stage 2 | 6 | 29 | |
Stage 3 | 13 | 61 | |
Bone Quality (Lekholm and Zarb 1985) | |||
Type 1 | 2 | 10 | |
Type 2 | 12 | 57 | |
Type 3 | 7 | 33 | |
Gingival biotype | |||
Thick | 17 | 81 | |
Thin | 4 | 19 | |
Implant site, maxilla | |||
First premolar | 4 | 9.5 | |
Second premolar | 4 | 9.5 | |
First molar | 7 | 16.5 | |
Second molar | 3 | 7 | |
Implant site, mandible | |||
Central incisor | 2 | 5 | |
First premolar | 2 | 5 | |
Second premolar | 3 | 7 | |
First molar | 8 | 19 | |
Second molar | 9 | 21.5 |
Abutment Type | Implant Diameter(mm) | 8 | 10 | 11.5 | 13 | 16 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multiunit | |||||||
3.75 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 9 | |
4.2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | |
5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
Healing cap | |||||||
3.75 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8 | |
4.2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 7 | |
5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
Total | 42 |
Multiunit Abutment (Test) | Healing Abutment (Control) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD, mm | Range, mm | Mean ± SD, mm | Range, mm | |
Surgery | 0.17 ± 0.41 | 0–0.9 | 0.023 ± 0.076 | 0–0.3 |
Prosthetic delivery | 0.19 ± 0.45 | 0–1.0 | 0.076 ± 0.17 | 0–0.5 |
1-year follow-up | 0.52 ± 0.25 | 0–1.2 | 0.21 ± 0.41 | 0–1.0 |
3-year follow-up | 0.35 ± 0.69 | 0–1.7 | 0.57 ± 0.80 * | 0–1.7 |
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Hamudi, N.; Barnea, E.; Weinberg, E.; Laviv, A.; Mijiritsky, E.; Matalon, S.; Chaushu, L.; Kolerman, R. The Association of the One-Abutment at One-Time Concept with Marginal Bone Loss around the SLA and Platform Switch and Conical Abutment Implants. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010074
Hamudi N, Barnea E, Weinberg E, Laviv A, Mijiritsky E, Matalon S, Chaushu L, Kolerman R. The Association of the One-Abutment at One-Time Concept with Marginal Bone Loss around the SLA and Platform Switch and Conical Abutment Implants. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(1):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010074
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamudi, Nasreen, Eitan Barnea, Evgeny Weinberg, Amir Laviv, Eitan Mijiritsky, Shlomo Matalon, Liat Chaushu, and Roni Kolerman. 2022. "The Association of the One-Abutment at One-Time Concept with Marginal Bone Loss around the SLA and Platform Switch and Conical Abutment Implants" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 1: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010074
APA StyleHamudi, N., Barnea, E., Weinberg, E., Laviv, A., Mijiritsky, E., Matalon, S., Chaushu, L., & Kolerman, R. (2022). The Association of the One-Abutment at One-Time Concept with Marginal Bone Loss around the SLA and Platform Switch and Conical Abutment Implants. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010074