Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychotic Symptoms, Schizophrenia, and Cannabis Use Disorders: A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Effects of Cannabidiol on Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychotic Symptoms in Healthy Volunteers
3.3. Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
3.4. Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Cannabis Use Disorders
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Study Design | Participants | Intervention | CBD Administration | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bhattacharyya et al., 2010 [32] | Double-blind, within-subject, pseudorandomized, placebo-controlled trial | 6 healthy volunteers with lifetime cannabis use | CBD 1 5 min before THC 2 | Intravenous; 5 mg | PANSS 3 positive scores lower in the CBD pre-treatment group. |
Englund et al., 2013 [33] | Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial | 48 healthy volunteers with lifetime cannabis use | CBD 210 min before THC | Oral; 600 mg | No differences in PANSS positive scores; lower frequency of clinically significant positive symptoms as measured by PANSS in the CBD group; lower SSPS 4 scores in the CBD group. |
Morgan et al., 2018 [34] | Double-blind, crossover, randomized, controlled trial | 48 volunteers with cannabis use (24 light and 24 heavy users) | 4 sessions in the same group: (i) THC; (ii) CBD; (iii) CBD+THC; (iv) placebo | Inhaled; 16 mg | No effects of CBD on THC-induced psychotomimetic symptoms as measured by the PSI 5; improvement in psychotomimetic symptoms in light users. |
Mueller et al., 2016 [35] | Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 60 healthy volunteers | 4 groups: (i) THC/placebo; (ii) CBD/placebo; (iii) THC/CBD; (iv) placebo/placebo | Oral; 800 mg | Higher PANSS and APZ 6 scores in THC/placebo and THC/CBD groups as compared with those in CBD/placebo and placebo/placebo groups. |
Study | Study Design | Participants | Intervention | CBD Administration | Follow-Up Time | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boggs et al., 2018 [36] | Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 36 outpatients with chronic schizophrenia | CBD 1 in adjunction to basic antipsychotic treatment | Oral; 600 mg/a day | 6 weeks | CBD not associated with an improvement in PANSS 2 or MCCB 3 scores. |
Hallak et al., 2010 [37] | Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 28 outpatients with schizophrenia | Single dose of CBD | Oral; 300 mg or 600 mg | Better SCWT 4 performance in CBD 300-mg and placebo groups than in CBD 600-mg group. | |
Leweke et al., 2012 [38] | Double-blind, head-to-head, randomized trial (CBD vs. amisulpride) | 39 inpatients with acute schizophrenia | CBD monotherapy | Oral; up to 800 mg/a day within the 1st week | 4 weeks | Comparable clinical improvement in CBD and amisulpride for PANSS scores. |
McGuire et al., 2018 [39] | Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 88 outpatients with schizophrenia | CBD in adjunction to basic antipsychotic treatment | Oral; 1000 mg/a day | 6 weeks | Reduction in PANSS positive scores in CBD group; no effects on cognition performance as measured by the BACS 5. |
Study | Study Design | Participants | Intervention | CBD Administration | Follow-Up Time | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freeman et al., 2020 [40] | Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial | 82 outpatients with cannabis use disorder | CBD 1 | Oral; 200 mg, 400 mg or 800 mg/a day | 4 weeks | Reduction in 11-Nor-9-carboxy-δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/creatinine ratio and increased number of days of abstinence with CBD 400 mg and 800 mg. |
NCT03102918 [41] | Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial | 10 outpatients with cannabis use disorder | CBD | Oral; up to 800 mg/a day | 6 weeks | Increased daily cannabis use in the CBD group. |
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Bartoli, F.; Riboldi, I.; Bachi, B.; Calabrese, A.; Moretti, F.; Crocamo, C.; Carrà, G. Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychotic Symptoms, Schizophrenia, and Cannabis Use Disorders: A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061303
Bartoli F, Riboldi I, Bachi B, Calabrese A, Moretti F, Crocamo C, Carrà G. Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychotic Symptoms, Schizophrenia, and Cannabis Use Disorders: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(6):1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061303
Chicago/Turabian StyleBartoli, Francesco, Ilaria Riboldi, Bianca Bachi, Angela Calabrese, Federico Moretti, Cristina Crocamo, and Giuseppe Carrà. 2021. "Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychotic Symptoms, Schizophrenia, and Cannabis Use Disorders: A Narrative Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6: 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061303