Incidence of Immune-Mediated Pseudoprogression of Lymphoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Search
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
- Population: studies that included six or more patients with lymphoma treated with ICIs;
- Reference standard: studies that used tumor response criteria based on imaging;
- Study design: clinical trials and observational studies (i.e., retrospective or prospective);
- Outcomes: results were reported in sufficient detail to evaluate the incidence of pseudoprogression among patients treated with ICIs.
- Case reports and series with sample sizes of less than five patients and studies;
- Review articles, editorials, letters, comments, and conference proceedings;
- Studies with topics that deviated from the incidence of pseudoprogression in lymphoma;
- Studies with insufficient data for evaluating the incidence of pseudoprogression.
2.3. Quality Assessment
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search
3.2. Study Characteristics and Quality Assessment
3.3. Meta-Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author, Year of Publication | Location | Study Design | Response Criteria | Category of Pseudoprogression | Type of Lymphoma | Agent | No. of Patients | Patients with Pseudoprogression | Patients with IR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen et al. 2020 [16] | France | Retrospective | Lugano, LYRIC | Progressive disease followed by transient progression in lesions size and metabolism on LYRIC | Relapsed or Refractory HL | Nivolumab | 45 | 2 | 16 |
Dercle et al. 2018 [17] | France | Clinical Trial | Lugano, LYRIC | Progressive disease followed by transient progression on LYRIC | Relapsed or Refractory HL | Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab | 16 | 2 | 7 |
Kwong et al. 2017 [20] | Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea | Retrospective | 5-point Deauville Score | Progressive Disease followed by CR on 5-point Deauville Score | Relapsed or Refractory NK/T-cell Lymphoma | Pembrolizumab | 7 | 1 | N/A |
Liput et al. 2020 [21] | USA | Retrospective | iRECIST | N/A | Relapsed or Refractory Classical HL and Non-HL | Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab | 24 | 0 | N/A |
Merryman et al. 2020 [18] | USA | Retrospective | Lugano, LYRIC | N/A | HL | ICIs (Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Combination, or other PD-[L]1) | 64 | 0 | 1 |
Wang et al. 2019 [19] | China | Retrospective | PERCIST, Lugano | Progressive disease followed by PR or CR on PERCIST | Relapsed or Refractory Non-HL | CAR-T cell Therapy | 19 | 3 | N/A |
Armand et al. 2018 [22] | Europe, North America | Multicenter, Phase II Clinical Trial | IWG Criteria | treated beyond initial progression followed by PR or CR on IWG Criteria | Relapsed or Refractory Classical HL | Nivolumab | 243 | 36 | N/A |
Hur et al. 2020 [23] | South Korea | Retrospective | The revised response criteria | Progressive disease followed by CR on the revised response criteria | Classical HL | Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab | 20 | 2 | N/A |
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Lee, A.J.; Kim, K.W.; Cho, Y.C.; Ko, Y.; Sung, Y.S.; Shin, Y.; Lee, J.; Kim, M.-h. Incidence of Immune-Mediated Pseudoprogression of Lymphoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2257. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112257
Lee AJ, Kim KW, Cho YC, Ko Y, Sung YS, Shin Y, Lee J, Kim M-h. Incidence of Immune-Mediated Pseudoprogression of Lymphoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(11):2257. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112257
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Amy Junghyun, Kyung Won Kim, Young Chul Cho, Yousun Ko, Yu Sub Sung, Youngbin Shin, Jiwoo Lee, and Mi-hyun Kim. 2021. "Incidence of Immune-Mediated Pseudoprogression of Lymphoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11: 2257. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112257