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Volume 11
Issue 2
10.3390/membranes11020080
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Article

Modifying Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Improved Oil–Water Separation: Comparison between Sodium and Organo-Montmorillonite as Particle Additives

by
Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang
1,*,
Kiara Pauline O. Devanadera
2,
Alyssa Nicole R. Duena
2,
Zheng-Yen Luo
1,
Yu-Hsuan Chiao
1,3,
Jeremiah C. Millare
2,
Ruth R. Aquino
4,
Shu-Hsien Huang
1,5,* and
Kueir-Rarn Lee
1,6,*
1
R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
2
School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
4
General Education Department, Colegio de Muntinlupa, Mayor J. Posadas Avenue, Sucat, Muntinlupa City 1770, Metro Manila, Philippines
5
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan
6
Research Center for Circular Economy, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Membranes 2021, 11(2), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020080
Submission received: 22 December 2020 / Revised: 12 January 2021 / Accepted: 19 January 2021 / Published: 22 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Membranes II)
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Abstract

In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) mixed-matrix membranes were fabricated through the wet-phase inversion method. Two types of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay were embedded separately: sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT). Na-MMT was converted to O-MMT through ion exchange reaction using cationic surfactant (dialkyldimethyl ammonium chloride, DDAC). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) compared the chemical structure and composition of the membranes. Embedding either Na-MMT and O-MMT did not change the crystallinity of the CA membrane, indicating that the nanoclays were dispersed in the CA matrix. Furthermore, nanoclays improved the membrane hydrophilicity. Compared with CANa-MMT membrane, CAO-MMT membrane had a higher separation efficiency and antifouling property. At the optimum concentration of O-MMT in the CA matrix, the pure water flux reaches up to 524.63 ± 48.96 L∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1 with over 95% rejection for different oil-in-water emulsion (diesel, hexane, dodecane, and food-oil). Furthermore, the modified membrane delivered an excellent antifouling property.
Keywords: montmorillonite; mixed-matrix membrane; ultrafiltration; oil–water separation; cellulose acetate montmorillonite; mixed-matrix membrane; ultrafiltration; oil–water separation; cellulose acetate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ang, M.B.M.Y.; Devanadera, K.P.O.; Duena, A.N.R.; Luo, Z.-Y.; Chiao, Y.-H.; Millare, J.C.; Aquino, R.R.; Huang, S.-H.; Lee, K.-R. Modifying Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Improved Oil–Water Separation: Comparison between Sodium and Organo-Montmorillonite as Particle Additives. Membranes 2021, 11, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020080

AMA Style

Ang MBMY, Devanadera KPO, Duena ANR, Luo Z-Y, Chiao Y-H, Millare JC, Aquino RR, Huang S-H, Lee K-R. Modifying Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Improved Oil–Water Separation: Comparison between Sodium and Organo-Montmorillonite as Particle Additives. Membranes. 2021; 11(2):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020080

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ang, Micah Belle Marie Yap, Kiara Pauline O. Devanadera, Alyssa Nicole R. Duena, Zheng-Yen Luo, Yu-Hsuan Chiao, Jeremiah C. Millare, Ruth R. Aquino, Shu-Hsien Huang, and Kueir-Rarn Lee. 2021. "Modifying Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Improved Oil–Water Separation: Comparison between Sodium and Organo-Montmorillonite as Particle Additives" Membranes 11, no. 2: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020080

APA Style

Ang, M. B. M. Y., Devanadera, K. P. O., Duena, A. N. R., Luo, Z.-Y., Chiao, Y.-H., Millare, J. C., Aquino, R. R., Huang, S.-H., & Lee, K.-R. (2021). Modifying Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Improved Oil–Water Separation: Comparison between Sodium and Organo-Montmorillonite as Particle Additives. Membranes, 11(2), 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020080

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