A Facile Method to Control Pore Structure of PVDF/SiO2 Composite Membranes for Efficient Oil/Water Purification
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Characterization of PVDF/SiO2 Dope Solutions
2.2.1. Solution Preparation
2.2.2. Cloud Points
2.3. Preparation of PVDF/SiO2 Composite Membranes
2.4. Membrane Characterization
2.5. Membrane Performance Testing
2.5.1. Preparation of Oil-in-Water Emulsion
2.5.2. Filtration Performance with Pure Water and Oil/Water Emulsion
2.5.3. Fouling Evaluation Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Cloud Point of PVDF/SiO2 Dope Solutions
3.2. The Morphology of PVDF/SiO2 Composite Membranes
3.2.1. Effect of PVDF Concentration
3.2.2. Effect of Weight Ratio of SiO2/PVDF on Membrane Morphology
3.2.3. Effect of Coagulation Temperature
3.3. Membrane Pore Size, Contact Angle, and Mechanical Properties
3.4. Evaluation of Separation Performance
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dope Solution Code | Composition of Dope Solution (wt%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PVDF | SiO2 | PVP | DMAc | MgCl2 | |
M0 | 16 | 0 | 8 | 68.0 | 8 |
M1 | 16 | 0.53 | 8 | 67.5 | 8 |
M2 | 16 | 1.07 | 8 | 66.9 | 8 |
M3 | 16 | 1.6 | 8 | 66.4 | 8 |
M4 | 14 | 1.4 | 8 | 68.6 | 8 |
M5 | 12 | 1.2 | 8 | 70.8 | 8 |
M6 | 10 | 1.0 | 8 | 73.0 | 8 |
Membrane ID | Coagulation Temperature (°C) | Porosity (ε, %) | rmax (μm) | rm (μm) | rmax/rm | Contact Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T30 | 30 | 84.8 ± 0.5 | 0.161 ± 0.013 | 0.072 ± 0.014 | 2.2 | 81 ± 2 |
T50 | 50 | 80.6 ± 0.4 | 0.187 ± 0.014 | 0.101 ± 0.016 | 1.9 | 73 ± 1 |
T70 | 70 | 79.7 ± 1.1 | 0.186 ± 0.024 | 0.084 ± 0.021 | 2.2 | 74 ± 1 |
T90 | 90 | 81.4 ± 0.7 | 0.203 ± 0.007 | 0.068 ± 0.014 | 3.0 | 68 ± 2 |
Membrane Material | Pore Size (μm) | Type of Oil Emulsion | Oil Droplet Diameter (μm) | Permeate Flux (L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 ) | Rejection (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PVDF/TiO2 | / | Diesel oil (10 g/L) | 1–20 | 382 | 99 | [40] |
Ceramic (modified) | 0.11 | Soybean oil (0.2 g/L) | 1.09 | 150 | 97.0 | [41] |
Ceramic (FATP) | 0.6 | Engine oil (2 g/L) | 5 | 209 | 98.7 | [42] |
PVDF (grafted) | 0.45 | Soybean oil (100 g/L) | 0.7–1.4 | 10 | 99 | [43] |
Polyimide | 0.16 | Dodecane (5 g/L) | 0.63 | 121 | 86.6 | [44] |
PVDF/SiO2 (T70) | 0.17 | Soybean oil (5 g/L) | 0.1–1.7 | 413 | 99.4 | This work |
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Xu, Q.; Chen, Y.; Xiao, T.; Yang, X. A Facile Method to Control Pore Structure of PVDF/SiO2 Composite Membranes for Efficient Oil/Water Purification. Membranes 2021, 11, 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110803
Xu Q, Chen Y, Xiao T, Yang X. A Facile Method to Control Pore Structure of PVDF/SiO2 Composite Membranes for Efficient Oil/Water Purification. Membranes. 2021; 11(11):803. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110803
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Qianqian, Yuchao Chen, Tonghu Xiao, and Xing Yang. 2021. "A Facile Method to Control Pore Structure of PVDF/SiO2 Composite Membranes for Efficient Oil/Water Purification" Membranes 11, no. 11: 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110803