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Volume 9
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Article

Characterization of Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component-2 (MAPRC2) from Trichinella spiralis and Its Interaction with Progesterone and Mifepristone

by
Muhammad Tahir Aleem
,
Jiawen Shi
,
Zhengqing Yu
,
Zhaohai Wen
,
Yang Zhang
,
Meng Liang
,
Shakeel Ahmed Lakho
,
Muhammad Haseeb
,
Haider Ali
,
Muhammad Waqas Hassan
,
Xiaokai Song
,
Xiangrui Li
,
Lixin Xu
and
Ruofeng Yan
*
MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2021, 9(8), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080934
Submission received: 17 July 2021 / Revised: 19 August 2021 / Accepted: 19 August 2021 / Published: 23 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases Immunology 2.0)
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Abstract

Trichinellosis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by Trichinella spp., including Trichinella spiralis. In the present study, T. spiralis membrane-associated progesterone receptor component-2 (Ts-MAPRC2) gene was cloned and characterized using protein sequencing analysis. Furthermore, the expression, purification, immunoblot assay, binding ability with progesterone antibody, and immunofluorescence assay were performed. A direct effect of progesterone (P4) and mifepristone (RU486) on the Ts-MAPRC2 gene was determined using in vitro cell culture that showed different expression levels at all developmental stages (muscle larvae (ML), female adult worm (F-AL), male adult worm (M-AL), and newborn larvae (NBL)). Subsequently, the in vitro phenotypic effects of P4, RU486, and rTs-MAPRC2-Ab on F-AL and ML stages were measured. Later, the in vivo phenotypic effect and relative mRNA expression of mifepristone on the F-AL stage were studied. Our results revealed that the Ts-MAPRC2 gene is critical to maintaining pregnancy in the female adult worm (F-AL) of T. spiralis. The 300 ng/mL of P4 and 100 ng/mL of RU486 showed downregulation of the Ts-MAPRC2 gene in F-AL (p ≤ 0.05). This plays an important role in abortion and possibly decreases the worm burden of T. spiralis in the host. Only 30 ng/mL P4 showed significant upregulation in F-AL (p ≤ 0.05). The current study provides new insights regarding the antihormone (P4 and RU486) drug design and vaccine therapy of recombinant (rTs-MAPRC2) protein as well as their combined effects to control T. spiralis infection.
Keywords: hormones; MAPRC2; mifepristone; progesterone; progesterone receptor; Trichinella spiralis hormones; MAPRC2; mifepristone; progesterone; progesterone receptor; Trichinella spiralis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Aleem, M.T.; Shi, J.; Yu, Z.; Wen, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Liang, M.; Lakho, S.A.; Haseeb, M.; Ali, H.; Hassan, M.W.; et al. Characterization of Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component-2 (MAPRC2) from Trichinella spiralis and Its Interaction with Progesterone and Mifepristone. Vaccines 2021, 9, 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080934

AMA Style

Aleem MT, Shi J, Yu Z, Wen Z, Zhang Y, Liang M, Lakho SA, Haseeb M, Ali H, Hassan MW, et al. Characterization of Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component-2 (MAPRC2) from Trichinella spiralis and Its Interaction with Progesterone and Mifepristone. Vaccines. 2021; 9(8):934. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080934

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aleem, Muhammad Tahir, Jiawen Shi, Zhengqing Yu, Zhaohai Wen, Yang Zhang, Meng Liang, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho, Muhammad Haseeb, Haider Ali, Muhammad Waqas Hassan, and et al. 2021. "Characterization of Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component-2 (MAPRC2) from Trichinella spiralis and Its Interaction with Progesterone and Mifepristone" Vaccines 9, no. 8: 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080934

APA Style

Aleem, M. T., Shi, J., Yu, Z., Wen, Z., Zhang, Y., Liang, M., Lakho, S. A., Haseeb, M., Ali, H., Hassan, M. W., Song, X., Li, X., Xu, L., & Yan, R. (2021). Characterization of Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component-2 (MAPRC2) from Trichinella spiralis and Its Interaction with Progesterone and Mifepristone. Vaccines, 9(8), 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080934

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