Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers of an Inner-City Hospital in New York
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Settings and Survey Participants
2.2. Survey Description
2.3. Model Fit and Structural Equation Modeling
2.4. Regression
2.5. Univariate Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Cohort
3.2. Univariate and Descriptive Analysis
3.2.1. Demographic Factors
3.2.2. Participant Role and Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination
3.2.3. PPE, Preventive Practices and Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination
3.2.4. Information and Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination
3.2.5. Personal Experience and Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination
3.3. Modeling and Multivariate Analysis
3.3.1. Statistical Results of CFA and SEM
3.3.2. Structural Equation Model (SEM)
3.3.3. Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data | Number | Percentage of Total Responses |
---|---|---|
Age (n = 428) | ||
18–25 | 4 | 0.93% |
26–35 | 125 | 29.21% |
36–45 | 106 | 24.77% |
46–55 | 88 | 20.56% |
55–65 | 86 | 20.09% |
>65 | 19 | 4.44% |
Gender (n = 428) | ||
Male | 137 | 32.01% |
Female | 279 | 65.19% |
Prefer to self-describe | 3 | 0.70% |
Prefer not to answer | 9 | 2.10% |
Race (n = 428) | ||
White | 102 | 23.83% |
Latinx | 123 | 28.74% |
African American | 82 | 19.16% |
Asian | 84 | 19.63% |
Native American | 3 | 0.70% |
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 2 | 0.47% |
Prefer not to answer | 17 | 3.97% |
Other | 15 | 3.50% |
Marital Status (n = 428) | ||
Single | 176 | 41.12% |
Married | 220 | 51.40% |
Divorced | 26 | 6.07% |
Widow/widower | 6 | 1.40% |
Number of Children (n = 428) | ||
0 | 171 | 39.95% |
1 | 73 | 17.06% |
2 | 112 | 26.17% |
more than 2 | 72 | 16.82% |
Level of Education (n = 428) | ||
Not finished high school | 2 | 0.47% |
Finished high school | 15 | 3.50% |
Some college | 49 | 11.45% |
Associates degree | 31 | 7.24% |
Bachelor’s degree | 113 | 26.40% |
Master’s degree | 74 | 17.29% |
Doctoral degree | 144 | 33.64% |
Primary Role at Work (n = 428) | ||
Physician | 122 | 28.50% |
Nurses | 94 | 21.96% |
Administrative/clerical staff | 65 | 15.19% |
Patient Care associates | 27 | 6.31% |
Social worker | 20 | 4.67% |
Other | 100 | 23.36% |
Location of Work (n = 672) | ||
Administrative offices | 75 | 11.16% |
Ambulatory care | 135 | 20.09% |
Emergency Department | 130 | 19.35% |
Medical and Surgical Inpatient Units | 127 | 18.90% |
Intensive Care Units | 84 | 12.50% |
Operating Rooms | 31 | 4.61% |
Other | 90 | 13.39% |
Residence Borough (n = 428) | ||
The Bronx | 150 | 35.05% |
Manhattan | 82 | 19.16% |
Queens | 49 | 11.45% |
Brooklyn | 19 | 4.44% |
Staten Island | 1 | 0.23% |
Long Island NY | 14 | 3.27% |
Connecticut | 2 | 0.47% |
New Jersey | 41 | 9.58% |
Prefer not to answer | 2 | 0.47% |
Other | 68 | 15.89% |
RMSEA | CFI | TLI | SRMR | Chi-Square Test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 | df | p-Value | |||||
Full Measurement Model | 0.067 | 0.913 | 0.882 | 0.076 | 2086.86 | 120 | <0.001 |
Latent Variable and Associated Items (Factor Loading Indicated a) | |||||||
Personal Risk | |||||||
How much of a problem is COVID-19 in America? b (−0.56) | |||||||
Based on your own health, age and risk factors, what do you believe to be your risk level were you to get COVID-19? b (0.30) | |||||||
Based on your overall experience with COVID-19 in both a professional and personal capacity, how serious would you say COVID-19? b (0.67) | |||||||
Vaccine Attitudes | |||||||
I am current on the vaccinations recommended by my primary care physician.c (0.39) | |||||||
How important is it for you to get the flu vaccine every year? b (0.66) | |||||||
Vaccines are important for the prevention of serious diseases.c (0.89) | |||||||
My children are current on recommended vaccines (or, if I don’t have children, I would keep my children current on recommended vaccines).c (0.62) | |||||||
Location of Manufacture | |||||||
Development of a vaccine outside of the United States would reduce my likelihood of being vaccinated. c (1.18) | |||||||
Development of a vaccine in China or Russia would reduce my likelihood of being vaccinated c (0.90) | |||||||
Development of a vaccine in the United Kingdom would reduce my likelihood of being vaccinated c (1.30) | |||||||
Testing Speed | |||||||
I worry that the rushed pace of testing for the new COVID-19 vaccine will fail to detect potential side effects or dangers c (0.60) | |||||||
I would accept a COVID-19 vaccine with full FDA approval but not one with an emergency use authorization c (0.51) | |||||||
I would NOT accept a COVID-19 vaccine until the completion of its clinical trial and publication of results in a peer-reviewed journal such as JAMA, NEJM or the Lancet.c (0.81) | |||||||
Likelihood of getting the COVID-19 vaccine | |||||||
I am likely to get the COVID vaccine d (0.82) | |||||||
Other people around me being vaccinated against COVID-19 will be helpful in controlling the pandemic c (−0.85) | |||||||
A vaccine is important to end the COVID-19 pandemic c (−0.94) |
Parameter | B | SE B | 95% Wald CI | Wald Chi-Square | df | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | ||||||
(Intercept) | 3.17 | 0.104 | 2.97 | 3.38 | 924.28 | 1 | <0.001 |
Vaccine Attitudes | −0.091 | 0.006 | −0.103 | −0.08 | 202.37 | 1 | <0.001 |
Testing Speed | 0.014 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.024 | 7.30 | 1 | 0.007 |
Personal Risk | −0.017 | 0.008 | −0.034 | −0.001 | 4.57 | 1 | 0.033 |
Location of Manufacture | −0.007 | 0.005 | −0.017 | 0.003 | 1.95 | 1 | 0.163 |
Education | 0.005 | 0.011 | −0.016 | 0.025 | .21 | 1 | 0.646 |
Political Ideology | 0.013 | 0.014 | −0.014 | 0.040 | .92 | 1 | 0.338 |
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Ciardi, F.; Menon, V.; Jensen, J.L.; Shariff, M.A.; Pillai, A.; Venugopal, U.; Kasubhai, M.; Dimitrov, V.; Kanna, B.; Poole, B.D. Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers of an Inner-City Hospital in New York. Vaccines 2021, 9, 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050516
Ciardi F, Menon V, Jensen JL, Shariff MA, Pillai A, Venugopal U, Kasubhai M, Dimitrov V, Kanna B, Poole BD. Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers of an Inner-City Hospital in New York. Vaccines. 2021; 9(5):516. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050516
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiardi, Federico, Vidya Menon, Jamie L. Jensen, Masood A Shariff, Anjana Pillai, Usha Venugopal, Moiz Kasubhai, Vihren Dimitrov, Balavenkatesh Kanna, and Brian D. Poole. 2021. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers of an Inner-City Hospital in New York" Vaccines 9, no. 5: 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050516