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Volume 11
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10.3390/vaccines11010154
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Article

Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8+ T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2

by
Davide Proietto
1,
Beatrice Dallan
1,
Eleonora Gallerani
1,
Valentina Albanese
2,
Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
3,
David A. Price
3,4,
Victor Appay
5,
Salvatore Pacifico
1,
Antonella Caputo
1,
Francesco Nicoli
1,*,† and
Riccardo Gavioli
1,†
1
Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
2
Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
3
Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
4
Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
5
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010154
Submission received: 30 November 2022 / Revised: 24 December 2022 / Accepted: 28 December 2022 / Published: 11 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2)
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Abstract

Age-related changes in the immune system are thought to underlie the vulnerability of elderly individuals to emerging viral diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we used a fully validated in vitro approach to determine how age impacts the generation of de novo CD8+ T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Our data revealed a generalized deficit in the ability of elderly individuals to prime the differentiation of naïve precursors into effector CD8+ T cells defined by the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and the transcription factor T-bet. As a consequence, there was an age-related decline in the diversity of newly generated CD8+ T cell responses targeting a range of typically immunodominant epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2, accompanied by an overall reduction in the expression frequency of IFN-γ. These findings have potential implications for the development of new strategies to protect the elderly against COVID-19.
Keywords: CD8+ T cells; immunosenescence; SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cells; immunosenescence; SARS-CoV-2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Proietto, D.; Dallan, B.; Gallerani, E.; Albanese, V.; Llewellyn-Lacey, S.; Price, D.A.; Appay, V.; Pacifico, S.; Caputo, A.; Nicoli, F.; et al. Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8+ T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines 2023, 11, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010154

AMA Style

Proietto D, Dallan B, Gallerani E, Albanese V, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Appay V, Pacifico S, Caputo A, Nicoli F, et al. Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8+ T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines. 2023; 11(1):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010154

Chicago/Turabian Style

Proietto, Davide, Beatrice Dallan, Eleonora Gallerani, Valentina Albanese, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, David A. Price, Victor Appay, Salvatore Pacifico, Antonella Caputo, Francesco Nicoli, and et al. 2023. "Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8+ T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2" Vaccines 11, no. 1: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010154

APA Style

Proietto, D., Dallan, B., Gallerani, E., Albanese, V., Llewellyn-Lacey, S., Price, D. A., Appay, V., Pacifico, S., Caputo, A., Nicoli, F., & Gavioli, R. (2023). Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8+ T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines, 11(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010154

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