Cloves | Eugenol, isoeugenol, acetyleugenol, sesquiterpene, pinene, vanillin, gallic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acids |
Cinnamon | Eugenol, limonene, terpineol, catechins, proanthocyanidins, tannins, linalool, safrole, pinene, methyleugenol, benzaldehyde |
Cardamon | Limonene, 1,8-cineole, terpinolene, myrcene, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, pelargonidin |
Coriander | Linalool, borneol, geraniol, terpineol, cumene, pinene, terpinene, quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic, ferulic, n-coumaric and vanillic acids, rutin, tocopherols, pyrogallol |
Saffron | Crocins (water soluble carotenoids), safranal, flavonoids, gallic, caffeic, ferulic, n-catechuic, syringic, salicylic, and vanillic acids |
Turmeric | Curcumins, essential oils, eugenol, carotene, ascorbic acid, caffeic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, syringic, vanillic acid |
Ginger | Gingerol, turmeric, paradol, geraniol, geranial, borneol, linalool, camphene, zingerol, zingiberon |
Anise | Camphene, pinene, linalool, trans-, cis-anetholes, eugenol, acetanisole, rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, isoorientin |
Caraway | Monoterpenes, sesquiterpene, aromatic aldehydes, terpene esters, terpenol, terpenal, terpenon, limonene, safranal, kaempferol, quercetin, tannins, caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric, and chlorogenic acids |
Fenugreek | Sesquiterpenes, aromatic aldehydes, terpenes |
Black pepper | Piperine, pinene, camphene, limonene, terpenes, piperidine, isoquercetin, sarmentine |
Oregano | Apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, myricetin, diosmetin, eriodictyol, carvacrol, thymol, rosmarinic, caffeic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic acid |
Basil | Apigenin, catechins, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, anthocyanins, eugenol, limonene, terpinene, carvacrol, geraniol, menthol, safrole, tannins, ursolic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic acids |
Bay leaf | 1,8-cineole, cinnamtannin |
Dill | Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, catechins, isorhamnetin, carvone, limonene |
Garlic | Allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl isothiocyanate, S-allyl cysteine |
Horseradish | Phenyl methyl isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate, sinigrin, asparagine |
Allspice | Eugenol, gallic acid, pimentol, quercetin |
Marjoram | Limonene, pinene, terpinene, p-cumene, apigenin, ferulic, sinapinic, caffeic, syringic, rosmarinic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic acids |
Mustard | Allyl isothiocyanate, carotene, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol glucoside |
Fennelflower | Pinene, p-cumene, thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, thymol, carvacrol, nigellicine, nigellidine, hederin |
Onion | Quercetin, apigenin, dipyridyl disulfide, rutin, quercetin-4-glucoside |
Parsley | Apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, caffeic acid |
Red pepper | Capsaicin, tocopherol, lutein, carotene, capsanthin, quercetin, ascorbic acid |
Peppermint | Menthol, menthone, limonene, isomenthone, eriocitrin, hesperidin, apigenin, luteolin, rutin, carotenes, tocopherols, caffeic, rosmarinic, chlorogenic acid |
Rosemary | Carnosol, rosmanol, geraniol, pinene, limonene, apigenin, naringin, luteolin, rosmarinic, vanillic, ursolic, caffeic acids |
Sage | Geraniol, pinene, limonene, carnosol, saponin, catechins, apigenin, luteolin, rosmarinic, carnosine, vanillic, caffeic acids |
Nutmeg | Catechins, lignans, myricetin, orgentin, caffeic acid |
Myrtle | Anthocyanins, pinene, limonene, gallic and ellagic acids, myrtocommulone, myricetin-3-O-galactoside, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside |
Lavender | Limonene, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol glucoside, ferulic, rosmarinic, caffeic, p-coumaric acid |