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Antioxidants
Volume 10
Issue 6
10.3390/antiox10060884
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Article

Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model

by
Natalia Yeste
1,
Daniel Valent
1,
Laura Arroyo
1,
Marta Vázquez-Gómez
2,
Consolación García-Contreras
2,
Martí Pumarola
3,
Antonio González-Bulnes
2,4,5 and
Anna Bassols
1,*
1
Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
2
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
3
Unitat de Patologia Murina i Comparada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
4
Comparative Physiology Group, INIA, Avda, Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
5
Departamento de Produccion y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 884; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060884
Submission received: 26 April 2021 / Revised: 19 May 2021 / Accepted: 22 May 2021 / Published: 31 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural or Synthetic Antioxidants for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Brain Health)
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Abstract

Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of fetuses at risk of intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of total gestational period), and individuals were sampled at three different ages: 100-day-old fetuses and 1-month- and 6-month-old piglets. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were dissected. The profile of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters (NTs) was characterized and an immunohistochemical study of the hippocampus was performed. The results indicated that maternal supplementation with HTX during pregnancy affected the NT profile in a brain-area-dependant mode and it modified the process of neuron differentiation in the hippocampal CA1 and GD areas, indicating that cell differentiation occurred more rapidly in the HTX group. These effects were specific to the fetal period, concomitantly with HTX maternal supplementation, since no major differences remained between the control and treated groups in 1-month- and 6-month-old pigs.
Keywords: hydroxytyrosol; neurotransmitters; hippocampus; neuron differentiation; intrauterine growth restriction; brain; pig; oxidative stress hydroxytyrosol; neurotransmitters; hippocampus; neuron differentiation; intrauterine growth restriction; brain; pig; oxidative stress
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MDPI and ACS Style

Yeste, N.; Valent, D.; Arroyo, L.; Vázquez-Gómez, M.; García-Contreras, C.; Pumarola, M.; González-Bulnes, A.; Bassols, A. Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060884

AMA Style

Yeste N, Valent D, Arroyo L, Vázquez-Gómez M, García-Contreras C, Pumarola M, González-Bulnes A, Bassols A. Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(6):884. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060884

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeste, Natalia, Daniel Valent, Laura Arroyo, Marta Vázquez-Gómez, Consolación García-Contreras, Martí Pumarola, Antonio González-Bulnes, and Anna Bassols. 2021. "Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model" Antioxidants 10, no. 6: 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060884

APA Style

Yeste, N., Valent, D., Arroyo, L., Vázquez-Gómez, M., García-Contreras, C., Pumarola, M., González-Bulnes, A., & Bassols, A. (2021). Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model. Antioxidants, 10(6), 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060884

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