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Brain Sciences
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/brainsci13020195
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Review

Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging

by
Olesya Shirokova
1,*,
Olga Zaborskaya
1,
Pavel Pchelin
1,2,
Elizaveta Kozliaeva
1,
Vladimir Pershin
1,2 and
Irina Mukhina
1,2
1
Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
2
Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603002, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020195
Submission received: 22 December 2022 / Revised: 16 January 2023 / Accepted: 18 January 2023 / Published: 24 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sex Differences in Developing Brain)
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Abstract

In recent years, much of the attention paid to theoretical and applied biomedicine, as well as neurobiology, has been drawn to various aspects of sexual dimorphism due to the differences that male and female brain cells demonstrate during aging: (a) a dimorphic pattern of response to therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, (b) different age of onset and different degrees of the prevalence of such disorders, and (c) differences in their symptomatic manifestations in men and women. The purpose of this review is to outline the genetic and epigenetic differences in brain cells during aging in males and females. As a result, we hereby show that the presence of brain aging patterns in males and females is due to a complex of factors associated with the effects of sex chromosomes, which subsequently entails a change in signal cascades in somatic cells.
Keywords: brain; aging; genetic; epigenetic; sexual dimorphism brain; aging; genetic; epigenetic; sexual dimorphism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shirokova, O.; Zaborskaya, O.; Pchelin, P.; Kozliaeva, E.; Pershin, V.; Mukhina, I. Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020195

AMA Style

Shirokova O, Zaborskaya O, Pchelin P, Kozliaeva E, Pershin V, Mukhina I. Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(2):195. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020195

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shirokova, Olesya, Olga Zaborskaya, Pavel Pchelin, Elizaveta Kozliaeva, Vladimir Pershin, and Irina Mukhina. 2023. "Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging" Brain Sciences 13, no. 2: 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020195

APA Style

Shirokova, O., Zaborskaya, O., Pchelin, P., Kozliaeva, E., Pershin, V., & Mukhina, I. (2023). Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging. Brain Sciences, 13(2), 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020195

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