Cognitive and Behavioral Domains That Reliably Differentiate Normal Aging and Dementia in Down Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Aim 1: to identify the underlying components of a cognitive battery that was used to assess functioning in domains commonly affected by AD.
- Aim 2: to select the minimum necessary individual items or subscales using CART analysis to create an abbreviated battery for classifying AD status.
- Aim 3: to compare the classification accuracy between the two methods: components from the full battery vs. the abbreviated battery.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Sample
2.2. Description of Measures
2.2.1. Consensus Diagnosis
2.2.2. Data Preparation
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Aim 1: Principal Components Analysis Results
3.3. Aim 2: Classification and Regression Tree Analysis Results
3.4. Aim 3: Comparison of PCA and CART Model Classification Utility
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | No Dementia, N = 68 | Probable AD, N = 73 | Overall, N = 141 |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Female | 36 (52.94%) | 41 (56.16%) | 77 (54.61%) |
Male | 32 (47.06%) | 32 (43.84%) | 64 (45.39%) |
Age (years) | 38.11 (9.34) | 52.68 (6.12) | 45.66 (10.70) |
Level of Intellectual Disability (estimated) | |||
Mild | 3 (4.41%) | 14 (19.18%) | 17 (12.06%) |
Moderate | 36 (52.94%) | 29 (39.73%) | 65 (46.10%) |
Profound | 28 (41.18%) | 15 (20.55%) | 43 (30.50%) |
Severe | 1 (1.47%) | 13 (17.81%) | 14 (9.93%) |
Unknown | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (2.74%) | 2 (1.42%) |
Site | |||
UCI | 0 (0.00%) | 53 (72.60%) | 53 (37.59%) |
UKY | 68 (100.00%) | 20 (27.40%) | 88 (62.41%) |
Predictors | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 1.14 | 0.46–2.84 | 0.773 |
PC1 | 2.54 | 1.69–3.81 | <0.001 |
PC2 | 3.73 | 1.62–8.60 | 0.002 |
Observations | 106 | ||
Tjur’s R2 | 0.786 |
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Harp, J.P.; Koehl, L.M.; Pelt, K.L.V.; Hom, C.L.; Doran, E.; Head, E.; Lott, I.T.; Schmitt, F.A. Cognitive and Behavioral Domains That Reliably Differentiate Normal Aging and Dementia in Down Syndrome. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091128
Harp JP, Koehl LM, Pelt KLV, Hom CL, Doran E, Head E, Lott IT, Schmitt FA. Cognitive and Behavioral Domains That Reliably Differentiate Normal Aging and Dementia in Down Syndrome. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(9):1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091128
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarp, Jordan P., Lisa M. Koehl, Kathryn L. Van Pelt, Christy L. Hom, Eric Doran, Elizabeth Head, Ira T. Lott, and Frederick A. Schmitt. 2021. "Cognitive and Behavioral Domains That Reliably Differentiate Normal Aging and Dementia in Down Syndrome" Brain Sciences 11, no. 9: 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091128