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Volume 9
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10.3390/app9071362
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Article

Ecotoxicological Effect of Single and Combined Exposure of Carbamazepine and Cadmium on Female Danio rerio: A Multibiomarker Study

by
Chunhong Shi
1,
Yide He
2,3,*,
Jiaxin Liu
2,
Yue Lu
2,
Yuting Fan
2,
Yaling Liang
2 and
Yanhua Xu
2,*
1
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants，Beijing 100083, China
2
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
3
Nanjing Chemical Industry Park Environmental Protection Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Luhe, Nanjing 211500, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(7), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071362
Submission received: 30 January 2019 / Revised: 17 March 2019 / Accepted: 25 March 2019 / Published: 31 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies for Supporting Global Sustainability)
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Abstract

In aquatic environments, organisms are exposed to mixtures of pollutants which may change the toxicity profile of each contaminant, compared to its toxicity alone. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and cadmium (Cd) are among the pollutants that co-occur in aquatic environments. To date, most research about their toxicity towards aquatic vertebrates is based on single exposure experiments. The present study aims to evaluate single and combined effects of CBZ and Cd on biomarkers in female Danio rerio (zebrafish) by exposing them to environmentally relevant concentrations of these two pollutants for ten days. Four kinds of biomarkers involved in antioxidant systems, energy metabolism, nervous system, and endocrine disruption, respectively, were studied. Our research results coincided with those of former studies in single exposure experiments. However, the combined exposure of CBZ and Cd exerted different responses from other studies in which these two contaminants were examined alone in zebrafish. The present study evidenced the need to conduct more coexposure studies to enhance the environmental relevance of these experimental results.
Keywords: carbamazepine; cadmium; combined toxicity; biomarkers carbamazepine; cadmium; combined toxicity; biomarkers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shi, C.; He, Y.; Liu, J.; Lu, Y.; Fan, Y.; Liang, Y.; Xu, Y. Ecotoxicological Effect of Single and Combined Exposure of Carbamazepine and Cadmium on Female Danio rerio: A Multibiomarker Study. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071362

AMA Style

Shi C, He Y, Liu J, Lu Y, Fan Y, Liang Y, Xu Y. Ecotoxicological Effect of Single and Combined Exposure of Carbamazepine and Cadmium on Female Danio rerio: A Multibiomarker Study. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(7):1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071362

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shi, Chunhong, Yide He, Jiaxin Liu, Yue Lu, Yuting Fan, Yaling Liang, and Yanhua Xu. 2019. "Ecotoxicological Effect of Single and Combined Exposure of Carbamazepine and Cadmium on Female Danio rerio: A Multibiomarker Study" Applied Sciences 9, no. 7: 1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071362

APA Style

Shi, C., He, Y., Liu, J., Lu, Y., Fan, Y., Liang, Y., & Xu, Y. (2019). Ecotoxicological Effect of Single and Combined Exposure of Carbamazepine and Cadmium on Female Danio rerio: A Multibiomarker Study. Applied Sciences, 9(7), 1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071362

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