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Volume 9
Issue 24
10.3390/app9245455
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Article

In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate

by
Mohammed Alkindi
1,2,
Sundar Ramalingam
1,2,*,
Khaja Moiduddin
3,
Osama Alghamdi
1,2,
Hisham Alkhalefah
3 and
Mohammed Badwelan
1
1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
2
Dental University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
3
Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(24), 5455; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245455
Submission received: 17 November 2019 / Revised: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 8 December 2019 / Published: 12 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering)
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Abstract

Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate wear response of custom-fabricated electron beam melted titanium (EBM-Ti), zirconia, and acrylic TMJ parts when subjected to biomechanical simulation testing. Eighteen prosthetic TMJ parts (condyle, glenoid fossa) were custom-fabricated using computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques based on patient’s radiographic images. Biomechanical simulation testing of TMJ parts (in different combinations) were done in a modified chewing simulator (108,000 cycles, 1 Hz frequency, 45–60 N compression, strokes-downward 0.15–0.25 s/horizontal, 0.4–0.5 s/upward, 0.25–0.45 s/displacement, 1.5–2.0 mm). Qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed wear facets on leading edges of vertical and horizontal simulation strokes. Measurement of pre-test and post-test weights of TMJ parts revealed non-significant reduction in weights due to wear. EBM-Ti and acrylic TMJ glenoid fossae articulating against zirconia condyles during simulation testing had significantly higher wear, evidenced by greater mean reduction in weights. Based on results of this preliminary study, custom-fabricated alloplastic prosthetic TMJ are a viable alternative to stock alloplastic joints. While EBM-Ti and acrylic are suitable biomaterials for custom-fabrication, use of zirconia results in greater wear and requires further studies to optimize their role in customized alloplastic TMJ.
Keywords: temporomandibular joint replacement; alloplastic joint; cad/cam; electron beam melting; titanium; zirconia; acrylic; biomechanical simulation temporomandibular joint replacement; alloplastic joint; cad/cam; electron beam melting; titanium; zirconia; acrylic; biomechanical simulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alkindi, M.; Ramalingam, S.; Moiduddin, K.; Alghamdi, O.; Alkhalefah, H.; Badwelan, M. In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5455. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245455

AMA Style

Alkindi M, Ramalingam S, Moiduddin K, Alghamdi O, Alkhalefah H, Badwelan M. In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(24):5455. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245455

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alkindi, Mohammed, Sundar Ramalingam, Khaja Moiduddin, Osama Alghamdi, Hisham Alkhalefah, and Mohammed Badwelan. 2019. "In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate" Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5455. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245455

APA Style

Alkindi, M., Ramalingam, S., Moiduddin, K., Alghamdi, O., Alkhalefah, H., & Badwelan, M. (2019). In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate. Applied Sciences, 9(24), 5455. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245455

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