Next Article in Journal
Application of Digital Techniques in Industrial Heritage Areas and Building Efficient Management Models: Some Case Studies in Spain
Previous Article in Journal
Exploiting Deep Learning for Wind Power Forecasting Based on Big Data Analytics
Previous Article in Special Issue
Air Quality Index and Air Pollutant Concentration Prediction Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Applied Sciences
Volume 9
Issue 20
10.3390/app9204418
applsci-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines

by
Barouch Giechaskiel
1,*,
Tero Lähde
1,
Matthias Schwelberger
2,
Timo Kleinbach
2,
Helge Roske
2,
Enrico Teti
3,
Tim van den Bos
4,
Patrick Neils
5,
Christophe Delacroix
6,
Tobias Jakobsson
7 and
Hua Lu Karlsson
7
1
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra 21027, Italy
2
Daimler AG, Mercedesstr. 120, 70372 Stuttgart, Germany
3
CNH Industrial, via Puglia 35, 10156 Torino, Italy
4
DAF Trucks N.V., Hugo van der Goeslaan 1, 5643 TW Eïndhoven, The Netherlands
5
MAN Truck & Bus AG, Vogelweiherstr. 33, D-90441 Nürnberg, Germany
6
Volvo Powertrain Engineering, 99 Route de Lyon, 69806 Saint-Priest, France
7
Scania, CV AB, 15187 Södertälje, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4418; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418
Submission received: 7 October 2019 / Revised: 15 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 October 2019 / Published: 18 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation.
Keywords: heavy-duty engines; particle number; sub-23 nm; catalytic stripper; crankcase emissions; regeneration; proportional partial flow dilution system; calibration heavy-duty engines; particle number; sub-23 nm; catalytic stripper; crankcase emissions; regeneration; proportional partial flow dilution system; calibration

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Giechaskiel, B.; Lähde, T.; Schwelberger, M.; Kleinbach, T.; Roske, H.; Teti, E.; van den Bos, T.; Neils, P.; Delacroix, C.; Jakobsson, T.; et al. Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418

AMA Style

Giechaskiel B, Lähde T, Schwelberger M, Kleinbach T, Roske H, Teti E, van den Bos T, Neils P, Delacroix C, Jakobsson T, et al. Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(20):4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giechaskiel, Barouch, Tero Lähde, Matthias Schwelberger, Timo Kleinbach, Helge Roske, Enrico Teti, Tim van den Bos, Patrick Neils, Christophe Delacroix, Tobias Jakobsson, and et al. 2019. "Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines" Applied Sciences 9, no. 20: 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418

APA Style

Giechaskiel, B., Lähde, T., Schwelberger, M., Kleinbach, T., Roske, H., Teti, E., van den Bos, T., Neils, P., Delacroix, C., Jakobsson, T., & Lu Karlsson, H. (2019). Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines. Applied Sciences, 9(20), 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop