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Volume 9
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10.3390/app9193946
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Article

Fabrication of Agglomerates from Secondary Raw Materials Reinforced with Paper Fibres by Stamp Pressing Process

by
Thomas Echterhof
1,*,
Thomas Willms
1,
Stefan Preiss
2,
Matti Aula
3,
Ahmed Abdelrahim
3,
Timo Fabritius
3,
Davide Mombelli
4,
Carlo Mapelli
4,
Stefan Steinlechner
5 and
Iñigo Unamuno
6
1
Department for Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany
2
MFG Metall-und Ferrolegierungsgesellschaft mbH Hafner, Blondin & Tidou, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 9, 40670 Meerbusch, Germany
3
Process Metallurgy Group, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
4
Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
5
Chair of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
6
Sidenor Investigacion Y Desarrollo SA, Barrio Ugarte s/n, 48970 Basauri, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(19), 3946; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9193946
Submission received: 9 August 2019 / Revised: 9 September 2019 / Accepted: 17 September 2019 / Published: 20 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extractive Metallurgy from Metallurgical Waste or by-Products)
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Abstract

The use of secondary raw materials in metallurgical processes such as steelmaking is an important contribution to the circular economy aspired to by EU members and many other countries. The agglomeration of dusts, fines and sludges is an important pretreatment step to enable the use of these materials in subsequent melting processes, such as steelmaking in electric arc furnaces (EAFs). It also reduces the amount of by-products and waste materials that are currently waste for disposal and are landfilled. The presented research is part of the Fines2EAF project, which aims to increase the value of steelmaking residues by internal recycling and use or reuse in the form of agglomerates. The approach followed in this project is the use of a hydraulic stamp press and alternative binder systems to produce cement-free agglomerates. The first results of lab-scale agglomeration tests of six different recipes with varying pressing forces are presented in this paper. It is shown that the addition of fibres from paper recycling has a strong effect on the cold compression stability of the agglomerates, by far exceeding other effects such as increased pressing force. Overall, the agglomerates produced in the lab show promising characteristics, for example, cold compression stability and abrasion resistance, which should allow for use in EAF steelmaking.
Keywords: secondary raw materials; recycling; press agglomeration; metallurgical by-products; stamp press; cement-free briquettes; electric arc furnace secondary raw materials; recycling; press agglomeration; metallurgical by-products; stamp press; cement-free briquettes; electric arc furnace

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MDPI and ACS Style

Echterhof, T.; Willms, T.; Preiss, S.; Aula, M.; Abdelrahim, A.; Fabritius, T.; Mombelli, D.; Mapelli, C.; Steinlechner, S.; Unamuno, I. Fabrication of Agglomerates from Secondary Raw Materials Reinforced with Paper Fibres by Stamp Pressing Process. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3946. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9193946

AMA Style

Echterhof T, Willms T, Preiss S, Aula M, Abdelrahim A, Fabritius T, Mombelli D, Mapelli C, Steinlechner S, Unamuno I. Fabrication of Agglomerates from Secondary Raw Materials Reinforced with Paper Fibres by Stamp Pressing Process. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(19):3946. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9193946

Chicago/Turabian Style

Echterhof, Thomas, Thomas Willms, Stefan Preiss, Matti Aula, Ahmed Abdelrahim, Timo Fabritius, Davide Mombelli, Carlo Mapelli, Stefan Steinlechner, and Iñigo Unamuno. 2019. "Fabrication of Agglomerates from Secondary Raw Materials Reinforced with Paper Fibres by Stamp Pressing Process" Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 3946. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9193946

APA Style

Echterhof, T., Willms, T., Preiss, S., Aula, M., Abdelrahim, A., Fabritius, T., Mombelli, D., Mapelli, C., Steinlechner, S., & Unamuno, I. (2019). Fabrication of Agglomerates from Secondary Raw Materials Reinforced with Paper Fibres by Stamp Pressing Process. Applied Sciences, 9(19), 3946. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9193946

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