Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents to Prepare Mixture Extracts of Three Long-Lived Trees with Maximized Skin-Related Bioactivities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Synthesis of DESs
2.4. Determination of ISO as a Common Marker Compound for Extraction Efficiency Using LC-UV
2.5. Antioxidant Activity Assay
2.6. Anti-Tyrosinase Activity Assay
2.7. Anti-Elastase Activity Assay
2.8. Experimental Design and Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preparation of DESs
3.2. Selection of DESs for Mixture Design Studies Based on the ISO Extraction Yields
3.3. Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DES No. | Component 1 | Component 2 | Component 3 | Molar Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
1a | Glycerol | Xylitol | 2:1 | |
2 a | Maltose | 3:1 | ||
3 a | Sorbitol | 2:1 | ||
4 a | Fructose | 3:1 | ||
5 b | Sucrose | 3:1 | ||
6 b | Glucose | 3:1 | ||
7 b | Maltitol | 3:1 | ||
8 b | Malic acid | 1:1 | ||
9 b | Malic acid | 1:2 | ||
10 b | Lactic acid | Glucose | 1:2 | |
11 b | Fructose | Sucrose | 1:1 | |
12 b | Sucrose | Glucose | 1:1:1 | |
13 b | Betaine | Sucrose | 1:1 | |
14 b | Sucrose | 1:2 | ||
15 b | Glucose | 1:1 |
No. | Independent Variables a | Dependent Variables b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 (mg) | X2 (mg) | X3 (mg) | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | |
1 | 1 (60) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3.259 | 60.44 | 72.11 |
2 | 0 (0) | 1 (60) | 0 (0) | 3.175 | 68.35 | 78.86 |
3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (60) | 3.175 | 39.61 | 50.67 |
4 | 0.5 (30) | 0.5 (30) | 0 (0) | 3.246 | 50.55 | 76.96 |
5 | 0.5 (30) | 0 (0) | 0.5 (30) | 3.252 | 62.48 | 82.92 |
6 | 0 (0) | 0.5 (30) | 0.5 (30) | 3.131 | 30.50 | 9.83 |
7 | 0.33 (20) | 0.33 (20) | 0.33 (20) | 3.271 | 54.99 | 62.64 |
8 | 0.33 (20) | 0.33 (20) | 0.33 (20) | 3.252 | 50.98 | 72.07 |
9 | 0.33 (20) | 0.33 (20) | 0.33 (20) | 3.258 | 42.50 | 73.04 |
Response a | Model | R2 | R2adj |
---|---|---|---|
3.26X1 + 3.17X2 + 3.17X3 + 0.12X1X2 + 0.14X1X3 − 0.18X2X3 + 1.31X1X2X3 | 0.9905 | 0.9619 | |
b | 219231.94X1 + 317719.32X2 + 60577.95X3 − 531992.97X1X2 + 441173.67X1X3 − 617876.6X2X3 | 0.9400 | 0.8399 |
8.49X1 + 8.88X2 + 7.12X3 + 0.35X1X2 + 5.2X1X3 − 19.46X2X3 + 45.87X1X2X3 | 0.9911 | 0.9645 |
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Jin, Y.; Jung, D.; Li, K.; Park, K.; Ko, J.; Yang, M.; Lee, J. Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents to Prepare Mixture Extracts of Three Long-Lived Trees with Maximized Skin-Related Bioactivities. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 2581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9132581
Jin Y, Jung D, Li K, Park K, Ko J, Yang M, Lee J. Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents to Prepare Mixture Extracts of Three Long-Lived Trees with Maximized Skin-Related Bioactivities. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(13):2581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9132581
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Yan, Dasom Jung, Ke Li, Keunbae Park, Jaeyoung Ko, Misuk Yang, and Jeongmi Lee. 2019. "Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents to Prepare Mixture Extracts of Three Long-Lived Trees with Maximized Skin-Related Bioactivities" Applied Sciences 9, no. 13: 2581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9132581