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Article

High-Performance WebGL-Based Visual Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Behavioral Embeddings: System Architecture and Rendering Optimization

Graduate School of Information, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(7), 3307; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073307
Submission received: 19 January 2026 / Revised: 15 February 2026 / Accepted: 18 March 2026 / Published: 29 March 2026

Abstract

As high-dimensional behavioral datasets grow, interactive 3D visualization is increasingly limited by rendering and annotation bottlenecks rather than data availability. Existing web-based tools often degrade sharply under large node counts, making real-time exploration impractical. We propose a web-based 3D point-cloud visualization system optimized for rendering performance under condition-locked experimental settings (load × guidance). To enable reproducible evaluation without proprietary data, the system uses a synthetic surrogate dataset with clustered structure and three node types (user/attribute/action) and provides guided/free exploration workflows with interaction logging. We report a technical benchmark across two load scales (N = 500 vs. N = 5000) and two modes (guided vs. free). Under the high-load setting (N = 5000), the system maintains real-time rendering performance while supporting interactive selection (point/cluster), tooltips/inspector, and session logging. We discuss practical strategies for controlling on-screen annotations under overload conditions and outline limitations and future work for validating the approach on real-world embeddings.
Keywords: interactive visualization; cognitive load theory; self-determination theory; semantic dashboard; Behavior2Vec; visual analytics; human-AI interaction; high-dimensional data interactive visualization; cognitive load theory; self-determination theory; semantic dashboard; Behavior2Vec; visual analytics; human-AI interaction; high-dimensional data

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jo, J.; Choi, J. High-Performance WebGL-Based Visual Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Behavioral Embeddings: System Architecture and Rendering Optimization. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073307

AMA Style

Jo J, Choi J. High-Performance WebGL-Based Visual Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Behavioral Embeddings: System Architecture and Rendering Optimization. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(7):3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073307

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jo, Junghee, and Junho Choi. 2026. "High-Performance WebGL-Based Visual Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Behavioral Embeddings: System Architecture and Rendering Optimization" Applied Sciences 16, no. 7: 3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073307

APA Style

Jo, J., & Choi, J. (2026). High-Performance WebGL-Based Visual Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Behavioral Embeddings: System Architecture and Rendering Optimization. Applied Sciences, 16(7), 3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073307

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