Correction: Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897

Nakai, Yuki; Takeshita, Yasufumi

doi:10.3390/app16031307

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897

by

Yuki Nakai

^1,*

and

Yasufumi Takeshita

²

¹

Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, 2-1-12 Wajirogaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0213, Japan

²

Department of Information, Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Faculty of Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, 1-10-2 Kokubuchuo, Kirishima City 899-4395, Japan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1307; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031307

Submission received: 15 January 2026 / Accepted: 16 January 2026 / Published: 28 January 2026

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Biomechanics and EMG Signal Processing)

Download Versions Notes

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Table 2 as published. Specifically, the values for the rectus abdominis (RA) and internal oblique (IO) muscles under the A40, A0, and NA conditions were incorrectly transcribed due to a copy-and-paste error during table preparation. These errors were limited to the presentation of the numerical values in Table 2. The corrected Table 2 appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Reference

Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Table 2. Peak sEMG amplitudes (%MVIC) and joint angles (°) during lifting under four external abdominal pressure assist conditions.

Muscle	A70	A40	A0	NA	p	Effect Size	Post-Hoc Comparisons
EO	17.1 ± 7.2	18.4 ± 10.2	19.2 ± 10.9	18.1 ± 8.9	0.208	0.007 (very small)	–
RA	4.2 (2.6–4.9)	3.5 (2.3–5.0)	4.3 (2.4–5.2)	3.7 (2.9–5.2)	0.637	0.024 (very small)	–
IO	22.7 (16.2–36.1)	22.4 (15.8–35.0)	25.8 (17.3–41.8)	27.2 (17.4–37.1)	<0.001	0.344 (moderate)	A40 < A0 *, A40 < NA *
ES	43.7 ± 15.9	43.0 ± 14.5	46.2 ± 16.6	49.7 ± 16.6	<0.001	0.028 (small)	NA > A0 , NA > A40 , NA > A70 **; A0 > A40 , A0 > A70 *
MF	44.5 ± 21.1	45.0 ± 20.7	42.4 ± 18.1	41.0 ± 18.8	0.005	0.007 (very small)	A40 > A0 , A40 > NA *
RF	9.1 ± 5.3	8.4 ± 4.3	8.1 ± 4.5	6.8 ± 3.9	0.001	0.032 (small)	A0 > NA , A40 > NA , A70 > NA **
VL	28.5 ± 12.4	29.6 ± 14.5	26.9 ± 13.0	24.8 ± 11.5	0.001	0.020 (small)	A40 > NA , A70 > NA , A40 > A0 *
BF	27.5 ± 12.3	27.4 ± 12.8	27.7 ± 12.2	29.5 ± 13.1	0.041	0.005 (very small)	NA > A40 , NA > A70 *
Degree
Hip flexion	113.1 ± 12.6	113.0 ± 12.3	111.8 ± 12.5	108.1 ± 12.5	0.002	0.027 (small)	A70 > NA , A40 > NA , A0 > NA *
Knee flexion	85.2 ± 16.3	84.3 ± 15.4	82.8 ± 16.2	79.1 ± 15.6	0.002	0.022 (small)	A70 > NA , A40 > NA , A0 > NA *
Ankle dorsiflexion	22.9 ± 8.9	23.0 ± 8.8	22.7 ± 8.7	21.3 ± 8.6	0.231	0.007 (very small)	–

Values are mean ± Standard Deviation or median (Interquartile Range). Abbreviations: EO, external oblique; RA, rectus abdominis; IO, internal oblique; ES, erector spinae; MF, multifidus; RF, rectus femoris; VL, vastus lateralis; BF, biceps femoris. Conditions: A70 = Assist 70%; A40 = Assist 40%; A0 = Assist 0%; NA = non-Assist. Significance levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

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Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Correction: Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031307

AMA Style

Nakai Y, Takeshita Y. Correction: Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(3):1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031307

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nakai, Yuki, and Yasufumi Takeshita. 2026. "Correction: Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897" Applied Sciences 16, no. 3: 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031307

APA Style

Nakai, Y., & Takeshita, Y. (2026). Correction: Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897. Applied Sciences, 16(3), 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031307

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Correction: Nakai, Y.; Takeshita, Y. Effects of a Pneumatic External Abdominal Pressure Assist Belt on Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During Lifting Tasks. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10897

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