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Volume 16
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10.3390/app16021022
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Article

Characteristics of Creeping Discharge on a Dielectric-Covered Cathode

by
Isak Lineekela Shawapala
*,
Akira Sugawara
,
Issei Hino
,
Kaho Hayakawa
and
Yuta Annaka
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16021022
Submission received: 22 October 2025 / Revised: 7 January 2026 / Accepted: 13 January 2026 / Published: 20 January 2026
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Abstract

This study investigates the creepage discharge method applied to a cold cathode to enhance discharge performance. Creepage discharge refers to the movement of electrical discharges along an insulating surface, increasing electron emission from dielectric materials. The research examines discharge behavior by varying the position of a ceramic pipe on the cathode and proposes a new average current calculation method. Findings indicate that when the ceramic pipe tip extends beyond the cathode, discharge intensity increases. The ceramic-covered cathode (CCC) configuration achieved an average discharge current exceeding 600 mA, compared to about 500 mA for the conventional rod-wire cathode (CRC). The CCC design also enabled arc plasma generation at voltages below 5 kV, whereas the CRC required 4–7 kV to achieve similar effects. For industrial applications, the CCC setup produced approximately 700 mA, whereas the CRC reached approximately 600 mA. These results demonstrate that the CCC configuration offers superior discharge current generation and plasma-column discharge.
Keywords: spark discharge voltage; average current; ceramic pipe; voltage variation; withstanding voltage; creeping discharge; triple junction spark discharge voltage; average current; ceramic pipe; voltage variation; withstanding voltage; creeping discharge; triple junction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shawapala, I.L.; Sugawara, A.; Hino, I.; Hayakawa, K.; Annaka, Y. Characteristics of Creeping Discharge on a Dielectric-Covered Cathode. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16021022

AMA Style

Shawapala IL, Sugawara A, Hino I, Hayakawa K, Annaka Y. Characteristics of Creeping Discharge on a Dielectric-Covered Cathode. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(2):1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16021022

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shawapala, Isak Lineekela, Akira Sugawara, Issei Hino, Kaho Hayakawa, and Yuta Annaka. 2026. "Characteristics of Creeping Discharge on a Dielectric-Covered Cathode" Applied Sciences 16, no. 2: 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16021022

APA Style

Shawapala, I. L., Sugawara, A., Hino, I., Hayakawa, K., & Annaka, Y. (2026). Characteristics of Creeping Discharge on a Dielectric-Covered Cathode. Applied Sciences, 16(2), 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16021022

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