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Volume 16
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10.3390/app16178731
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Article

Intraday Dispatch Strategies of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Smooth the Duck Curve: A Real-Life Brazilian Case

by
Dany H. Huanca
,
Thiago Masseran
,
Hugo Muzitano
,
Murilo E. C. Bento
*,
Djalma M. Falcão
and
Glauco N. Taranto
Department of Electrical Engineering, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(17), 8731; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178731
Submission received: 16 July 2026 / Revised: 26 August 2026 / Accepted: 31 August 2026 / Published: 2 September 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Science and Technology)
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Abstract

The growing penetration of centralized and distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) generation has introduced significant operational challenges in power systems, most notably the “duck curve” phenomenon, which is characterized by steep net load ramp-up at dusk. This issue has become increasingly evident worldwide, including in Brazil, where solar PV capacity is expanding rapidly. In this context, this paper proposes optimization-based strategies for dispatching Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to smooth the duck curve, using real data from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three distinct optimization objectives are investigated: load derivative compensation, variable generation compensation, and average load tracking. Energetic and electric analyses were performed using the real data. For the evaluated Minas Gerais case study, both analyses indicate that the BESS operation based on load derivative compensation provides the most effective reduction in load ramps among the three strategies investigated.
Keywords: battery energy storage systems; duck curve; load ramping; photovoltaic generation; power systems; micro and mini distributed generation battery energy storage systems; duck curve; load ramping; photovoltaic generation; power systems; micro and mini distributed generation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Huanca, D.H.; Masseran, T.; Muzitano, H.; Bento, M.E.C.; Falcão, D.M.; Taranto, G.N. Intraday Dispatch Strategies of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Smooth the Duck Curve: A Real-Life Brazilian Case. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 8731. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178731

AMA Style

Huanca DH, Masseran T, Muzitano H, Bento MEC, Falcão DM, Taranto GN. Intraday Dispatch Strategies of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Smooth the Duck Curve: A Real-Life Brazilian Case. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(17):8731. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178731

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huanca, Dany H., Thiago Masseran, Hugo Muzitano, Murilo E. C. Bento, Djalma M. Falcão, and Glauco N. Taranto. 2026. "Intraday Dispatch Strategies of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Smooth the Duck Curve: A Real-Life Brazilian Case" Applied Sciences 16, no. 17: 8731. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178731

APA Style

Huanca, D. H., Masseran, T., Muzitano, H., Bento, M. E. C., Falcão, D. M., & Taranto, G. N. (2026). Intraday Dispatch Strategies of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Smooth the Duck Curve: A Real-Life Brazilian Case. Applied Sciences, 16(17), 8731. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178731

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