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Applied Sciences
Volume 16
Issue 11
10.3390/app16115404
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Software Tool for Development of Personalized Computational Phantoms of Pregnant Patient in Computational Dosimetry Applications

by
Luka Šimić
1,
Dario Faj
2,3,
Anja Tomić
2,4,
Ivor Dukić
2,
Hrvoje Brkić
2,3,*,
Turk Tajana
2,4 and
Vjekoslav Kopačin
2,4
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer of Osijek, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia
2
Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer of Osijek, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia
3
Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer of Osijek, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia
4
University Hospital Osijek, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(11), 5404; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115404 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 April 2026 / Revised: 17 May 2026 / Accepted: 22 May 2026 / Published: 28 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches and Tools for Healthcare and Medical Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

When pregnant patients undergo diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures, the unborn child is exposed to an increased risk due to the use of ionizing radiation; therefore, the fetal dose must be estimated and optimized. Tools and methods routinely used for fetal dose estimation lack better personalization of patients. To address this, we developed a software tool for creating phantoms at different pregnancy stages and with varying patient anatomies to further personalize fetal dose estimation using measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. The tool is developed and incorporated into 3DSlicer as a plugin. Phantoms are created based on a real patient phantom, Tena, and physiological data for use in radiological protection. Phantoms are developed with only soft, lung, and bone tissue substitutes, represented for the mother and unborn child. This enables the construction of segmented voxel models as well as mesh models (with the ability to export geometries to DICOM format) of the anatomical structures of pregnant women. Additionally, it allows real patient image registration to enable better personalization of the phantom. The tool can help decrease uncertainty in fetal dose estimation, as well as simplify and accelerate the process of fetal dose estimation. It is released publicly to enable further research.
Keywords: diagnostic radiology; radiotherapy; fetal dosimetry personalization; anthropomorphic phantoms creation diagnostic radiology; radiotherapy; fetal dosimetry personalization; anthropomorphic phantoms creation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Šimić, L.; Faj, D.; Tomić, A.; Dukić, I.; Brkić, H.; Tajana, T.; Kopačin, V. Software Tool for Development of Personalized Computational Phantoms of Pregnant Patient in Computational Dosimetry Applications. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 5404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115404

AMA Style

Šimić L, Faj D, Tomić A, Dukić I, Brkić H, Tajana T, Kopačin V. Software Tool for Development of Personalized Computational Phantoms of Pregnant Patient in Computational Dosimetry Applications. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(11):5404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115404

Chicago/Turabian Style

Šimić, Luka, Dario Faj, Anja Tomić, Ivor Dukić, Hrvoje Brkić, Turk Tajana, and Vjekoslav Kopačin. 2026. "Software Tool for Development of Personalized Computational Phantoms of Pregnant Patient in Computational Dosimetry Applications" Applied Sciences 16, no. 11: 5404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115404

APA Style

Šimić, L., Faj, D., Tomić, A., Dukić, I., Brkić, H., Tajana, T., & Kopačin, V. (2026). Software Tool for Development of Personalized Computational Phantoms of Pregnant Patient in Computational Dosimetry Applications. Applied Sciences, 16(11), 5404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115404

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