Research and Application of a New Mode of Coal Mine Solid Backfill Mining and Its Intelligent Key Technology

Comprehensive mechanized solid backfilling technology exhibits significant advantages in solid waste disposal, “three-under” coal mining, and dynamic disaster control. However, its large-scale application is constrained by low production efficiency, high unit production cost, and high labor intensity. Therefore, industrial upgrading through intelligent technologies is urgently required. In this study, methods including literature review, theoretical analysis, and field measurements are employed to propose three backfilling modes. The configurations of the six core subsystems under each mode are systematically summarized, and the core definition of an intelligent backfilling mine is established. Furthermore, a key technology framework for intelligent backfill mining is developed, based on PLC control and PID algorithms, with a closed-loop architecture centered on “perception–decision–execution.” Engineering applications demonstrate that the surface gangue intelligent pretreatment system achieves functions including automatic vehicle washing, intelligent dust suppression spraying at discharge points, dynamic metering during conveying, and adaptive adjustment of feeding systems. The intelligent surface-to-underground coal gangue vertical feeding system enables full silo alarm and level regulation. The underground jigging intelligent separation system realizes intelligent jigging ratio adjustment, intelligent bed layer measurement and control, and intelligent air volume regulation, with the coal content in gangue discharge maintained below 4%. At the working face, the intelligent solid backfilling system doubles monthly coal output, boosts backfilling efficiency by 50%, and cuts the workforce by 8–10 workers. The intelligent backfilling effectiveness monitoring system operates stably, with a working face weighting factor of 1.12 and precise ground deformation control within Grade I limits.