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Applied Sciences
Volume 16
Issue 1
10.3390/app16010158
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters as Predictors of Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After Femoral Fracture Surgery: A Pilot Study

by
Stefania Toselli
1,
Stefania Bandini
2,
Federica Moro
1,*,
Sofia Marini
3,*,
Alessia Grigoletto
4,
Sabrina Gabrielli
2,
Angela Cappelletti
2,
Orietta Valentini
2 and
Mario Mauro
1
1
Department of Life Quality Sciences, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
2
AUSL Imola, 40026 Imola, Italy
3
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
4
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010158
Submission received: 16 October 2025 / Revised: 26 November 2025 / Accepted: 22 December 2025 / Published: 23 December 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Elderly patients with femoral fractures need specific rehabilitation after surgery that aims to improve their self-reliance and life quality, reducing their mortality rate. Although worsening patient body composition increased the risk of an unfavourable prognosis, it remains unclear whether evaluating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters can predict any functional recovery. A longitudinal design was conducted on 45 elders (84.59 ± 7.18 years, 75.6% female) who underwent femoral surgery to examine BIA features as rehabilitation biomarkers. The patient’s body composition, assessed by anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and self-reliance were evaluated three times during follow-up in both healthy and surgical lower limbs. The ANCOVA test, adjusted for gender and side of surgery, found improvements in daily living activities, while only thigh circumferences decreased over time. Regarding the BIA, the surgical leg showed a wider decrement in bioelectrical resistance (R), whereas the bioelectric reactance (Xc) exhibited similar trends. Females who underwent surgery on their dominant leg showed significant changes (p < 0.001) in bioimpedance vectorial analysis (BIVA), with a linear trend from baseline to postoperative time, while males exhibited beneficial variations only between baseline and time 2 (p < 0.01). Geriatric patients exhibit characteristic traits that require additional attention. BIA may be a feasible and non-invasive method for monitoring patient prognosis and reducing national health system costs.
Keywords: surgery; geriatric; body composition surgery; geriatric; body composition

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Toselli, S.; Bandini, S.; Moro, F.; Marini, S.; Grigoletto, A.; Gabrielli, S.; Cappelletti, A.; Valentini, O.; Mauro, M. Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters as Predictors of Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After Femoral Fracture Surgery: A Pilot Study. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010158

AMA Style

Toselli S, Bandini S, Moro F, Marini S, Grigoletto A, Gabrielli S, Cappelletti A, Valentini O, Mauro M. Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters as Predictors of Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After Femoral Fracture Surgery: A Pilot Study. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(1):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010158

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toselli, Stefania, Stefania Bandini, Federica Moro, Sofia Marini, Alessia Grigoletto, Sabrina Gabrielli, Angela Cappelletti, Orietta Valentini, and Mario Mauro. 2026. "Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters as Predictors of Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After Femoral Fracture Surgery: A Pilot Study" Applied Sciences 16, no. 1: 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010158

APA Style

Toselli, S., Bandini, S., Moro, F., Marini, S., Grigoletto, A., Gabrielli, S., Cappelletti, A., Valentini, O., & Mauro, M. (2026). Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters as Predictors of Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After Femoral Fracture Surgery: A Pilot Study. Applied Sciences, 16(1), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010158

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