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Article

Plant Iridoids Affect Intraocular Pressure and Vascular Flow in the Rabbit Eye

1
Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
2
Ophthalmology Clinic, Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
3
Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
4
Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 5055; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095055
Submission received: 5 April 2025 / Revised: 27 April 2025 / Accepted: 28 April 2025 / Published: 1 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds)

Abstract

For plant-derived raw materials, there are very few studies regarding the effect of intraocular administration on intraocular pressure (IOP) and associated blood flow. Traditional folk medicine uses many natural resources for eye disorders. However, in the main, these exhibit an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effect. The intraocular pressure reduction and neuroprotective effects are known, but only for orally administered products. In the work presented here, the effect of eight natural iridoids in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% in saline on IOP and blood flow in iris vessels was studied in white New Zealand rabbits. No ocular adverse effects were observed during the whole experiment. We demonstrated, for the first time, significant reductions in IOP for five of the eight iridoids tested at a concentration of 0.5%. These were verbenalin, aucubin, oleuropein, gentiopicroside, and secologanin. The highest effect of IOP lowering, a nearly 1.5 mmHg difference from baseline, was observed for verbenalin 2 h after administration. An increase in vascular inflow was observed only with the administration of aucubin, catalpol, and gentiopicroside at 2 and 3 h after administration of the 0.5% solution. This effect was contrary to the result for the reference—timolol—which significantly reduced flow by more than 100 flux during the first hours of the experiment. In summary, selected iridoids could be considered, after further investigation, as natural components for ophthalmic formulation in the prevention of eye diseases.
Keywords: iridoids; natural products; glaucoma; eye; intraocular pressure iridoids; natural products; glaucoma; eye; intraocular pressure

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Szumny, D.; Sozański, T.; Szeląg, A.; Szumny, A. Plant Iridoids Affect Intraocular Pressure and Vascular Flow in the Rabbit Eye. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 5055. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095055

AMA Style

Szumny D, Sozański T, Szeląg A, Szumny A. Plant Iridoids Affect Intraocular Pressure and Vascular Flow in the Rabbit Eye. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(9):5055. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Szumny, Dorota, Tomasz Sozański, Adam Szeląg, and Antoni Szumny. 2025. "Plant Iridoids Affect Intraocular Pressure and Vascular Flow in the Rabbit Eye" Applied Sciences 15, no. 9: 5055. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095055

APA Style

Szumny, D., Sozański, T., Szeląg, A., & Szumny, A. (2025). Plant Iridoids Affect Intraocular Pressure and Vascular Flow in the Rabbit Eye. Applied Sciences, 15(9), 5055. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095055

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