Open-Pit Slope Stability Analysis Integrating Empirical Models and Multi-Source Monitoring Data

Slope stability monitoring in open-pit mining remains a critical challenge for geological hazard prevention, where conventional qualitative methods often fail to address dynamic risks. This study proposes an integrated framework combining empirical modeling (slope classification, hazard assessment, and safety ratings) with multi-source real-time monitoring (synthetic aperture radar, machine vision, and Global Navigation Satellite System) to achieve quantitative stability analysis. The method establishes an initial stability baseline through mechanical modeling (Bishop/Morgenstern–Price methods, safety factors: 1.35–1.75 across five mine zones) and dynamically refines it via 3D terrain displacement tracking (0.02 m to 0.16 m average cumulative displacement, 1 h sampling). Key innovations include the following: (1) a convex hull-displacement dual-criterion algorithm for automated sensitive zone identification, reducing computational costs by ~40%; (2) Ku-band synthetic aperture radar subsurface imaging coupled with a Global Navigation Satellite System and vision for centimeter-scale 3D modeling; and (3) a closed-loop feedback mechanism between empirical and real-time data. Field validation at a 140 m high phosphate mine slope demonstrated robust performance under extreme conditions. The framework advances slope risk management by enabling proactive, data-driven decision-making while maintaining compliance with safety standards.