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Volume 15
Issue 13
10.3390/app15136979
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities

by
Andony David González-Cruz
1,
Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
2,*,
Ignacio Valenzuela-Chavira
3,
Fernando Martínez-Esquivias
3,
José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez
4,
Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara
1,
Carlos Arnulfo Velázquez-Carriles
5,
Iván Balderas-León
1,
Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay
4 and
Zuamí Villagrán
3,*
1
Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
2
Centro de Estudios para la Agricultura, la Alimentación y la Crisis Climática, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico
3
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico
4
Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Mexico
5
Departamento de Ingeniería Biológica, Sintética y de Materiales, Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúniga 45641, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 6979; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136979
Submission received: 1 April 2025 / Revised: 6 June 2025 / Accepted: 17 June 2025 / Published: 20 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Analytical Chemistry in Environmental and Food Contaminants)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Glyphosate (GLYP) is an effective and low-cost broad-spectrum herbicide. However, this herbicide and its primary degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), have been linked with adverse human health effects. The global use of glyphosate has significantly increased in recent years, resulting in more direct and indirect human exposure. In this context, GLYP and AMPA are often detected in fresh and processed foods for adults and infants, as well as in drinking water worldwide. Diverse extraction and quantification methods for GLYP and AMPA from foods have been developed. Solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) are the most frequently employed cleanup strategies, while LC-MS/MS is one of the most sensitive and selective techniques for detecting GLYP and AMPA in food products. Although most studies show that GLYP and AMPA concentrations in foods remain within established maximum residue limits, occasionally they exceed legal limits. Thus, the widespread presence of GLYP and AMPA in foodstuffs is a public concern that may lead to consumers exceeding the acceptable daily intake due to prolonged dietary exposure, even if levels remain within thresholds. Therefore, this review explores the different approaches and techniques used in the extraction, detection, and quantification of GLYP and AMPA in foods.
Keywords: glyphosate; AMPA; herbicide; contaminant; environmental; foods; crop desiccant; roundup glyphosate; AMPA; herbicide; contaminant; environmental; foods; crop desiccant; roundup

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

González-Cruz, A.D.; Anaya-Esparza, L.M.; Valenzuela-Chavira, I.; Martínez-Esquivias, F.; Ruvalcaba-Gómez, J.M.; Silva-Jara, J.M.; Velázquez-Carriles, C.A.; Balderas-León, I.; Arteaga-Garibay, R.I.; Villagrán, Z. Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 6979. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136979

AMA Style

González-Cruz AD, Anaya-Esparza LM, Valenzuela-Chavira I, Martínez-Esquivias F, Ruvalcaba-Gómez JM, Silva-Jara JM, Velázquez-Carriles CA, Balderas-León I, Arteaga-Garibay RI, Villagrán Z. Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(13):6979. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136979

Chicago/Turabian Style

González-Cruz, Andony David, Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza, Ignacio Valenzuela-Chavira, Fernando Martínez-Esquivias, José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez, Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara, Carlos Arnulfo Velázquez-Carriles, Iván Balderas-León, Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay, and Zuamí Villagrán. 2025. "Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities" Applied Sciences 15, no. 13: 6979. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136979

APA Style

González-Cruz, A. D., Anaya-Esparza, L. M., Valenzuela-Chavira, I., Martínez-Esquivias, F., Ruvalcaba-Gómez, J. M., Silva-Jara, J. M., Velázquez-Carriles, C. A., Balderas-León, I., Arteaga-Garibay, R. I., & Villagrán, Z. (2025). Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 6979. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136979

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