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Volume 15
Issue 1
10.3390/app15010471
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Article

Influence of the Oxide Layer Thickness on the Behavior of the Electrical Wheel–Rail Contact in Static Conditions

by
Luna Haydar
1,2,
Florent Loete
2,*,
Frédéric Houzé
2,
Karim Slimani
1,
Fabien Guiche
3 and
Philippe Testé
2
1
SNCF, Direction Technologies Innovation et Projets Groupe, 1-3 Avenue François Mitterrand, 92300 La Plaine Saint Denis, France
2
GeePs, Group of Electrical Engineering Paris, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 & 11 Rue Joliot-Curie, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
3
SNCF Réseau, Direction Générale Industrielle & Ingénierie, Direction Technique Réseau, Département de la Signalisation Ferroviaire, 6 Avenue François Mitterrand, 93574 La Plaine Saint Denis, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(1), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010471
Submission received: 3 November 2024 / Revised: 20 December 2024 / Accepted: 27 December 2024 / Published: 6 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Railway Infrastructures: Health Monitoring, Assessment and Maintenance)
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Abstract

To manage and ensure the safety of traffic on rail networks, trains need to be reliably located at all times. This is achieved in many countries by electrically detecting their presence using so-called “track circuits” installed at regular intervals on each track, designed to detect when the wheels and axles of a train are shunting the two rails and to act accordingly on the signaling system. Such a detection principle is highly dependent on the quality of the electrical contacts between rails and wheels; the occurrence of high wheel–rail contact resistances can induce malfunctions known as “deshunting”, when the system is unable to judge the presence or absence of a train on a section of track. This type of potentially risky event must obviously be avoided at all costs. In this article, we focus on wheel–rail contact degradation resulting from steel oxidation, using a home-made, scaled-down test bench that reproduces real contact in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Given the complexity of the topic, the investigations are focused on static contact characterizations involving different degrees of rail oxidation and slow, stepwise variations in DC intensity.
Keywords: wheel–rail electrical contact; track circuit; deshunting; oxidation; failure wheel–rail electrical contact; track circuit; deshunting; oxidation; failure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Haydar, L.; Loete, F.; Houzé, F.; Slimani, K.; Guiche, F.; Testé, P. Influence of the Oxide Layer Thickness on the Behavior of the Electrical Wheel–Rail Contact in Static Conditions. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010471

AMA Style

Haydar L, Loete F, Houzé F, Slimani K, Guiche F, Testé P. Influence of the Oxide Layer Thickness on the Behavior of the Electrical Wheel–Rail Contact in Static Conditions. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(1):471. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010471

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haydar, Luna, Florent Loete, Frédéric Houzé, Karim Slimani, Fabien Guiche, and Philippe Testé. 2025. "Influence of the Oxide Layer Thickness on the Behavior of the Electrical Wheel–Rail Contact in Static Conditions" Applied Sciences 15, no. 1: 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010471

APA Style

Haydar, L., Loete, F., Houzé, F., Slimani, K., Guiche, F., & Testé, P. (2025). Influence of the Oxide Layer Thickness on the Behavior of the Electrical Wheel–Rail Contact in Static Conditions. Applied Sciences, 15(1), 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010471

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