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Volume 14
Issue 23
10.3390/app142311259
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Article

Epidemiological Insights and Diagnostic Strategies of Extrarespiratory Tuberculosis: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Clinic of Pneumology, Târgu Mureș

by
Gabriela Jimborean
1,†,
Edith-Simona Ianoși
1,†,
Dragoș Huțanu
2,*,
Hédi-Katalin Sárközi
1,
Mara Andreea Vultur
1,
Maria Beatrice Ianosi
3 and
Alpár Csipor-Fodor
4
1
Department of Pulmonology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
2
Pulmonology Clinic, Mureș County Clinical Hospital, 540011 Târgu Mureș, Romania
3
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
4
Pulmonology Department, County Emergency Hospital Miercurea-Ciuc, 530173 Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11259; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311259
Submission received: 23 October 2024 / Revised: 17 November 2024 / Accepted: 27 November 2024 / Published: 3 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis—a Millennial Disease in the Age of New Technologies)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis remains one of the biggest global public health problems today. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic methods, clinical outcomes, patient compliance, and mortality rates in patients diagnosed with extrarespiratory tuberculosis. Methods: 105 cases of extrarespiratory tuberculosis were analyzed over a five-year period (2018–2023). Data from medical records were reviewed and processed. Diagnostic methods included Ziehl–Nielsen staining, Löwenstein–Jensen cultures, GeneXpert, and histopathological analysis. Diagnosis was supplemented by a specialist organ examination and, in cases with concurrent pulmonary involvement, by a chest X-ray and sputum examination. For negative cases, a probabilistic diagnosis was made. Results: Most patients presented pleural TB (38%), osteo-articular TB (26.67%), and ganglionary TB (19%). Patients were mostly men (56.19%), in the 18–40 years-old category (40%), and lived in rural areas (61%). In total, 94.29% were newly diagnosed and most observed comorbidites were chronic smoking (11.37%), chronic lung diseases (10.20%), and malnutrition (9.02%). Moreover, 68% had a negative microscopic examination, while 55% had negative cultures on Löwenstein–Jensen. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of a multi-modal approach to diagnosing extrarespiratory tuberculosis, especially in negative bacteriological and histopathological results. Imaging, combined with clinical and epidemiological data, is critical for a probabilistic diagnosis. GeneXpert proved useful in difficult cases. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic strategy to effectively manage extrarespiratory tuberculosis.
Keywords: extrarespiratory tuberculosis; diagnostic strategy; management of extrarespiratory tuberculosis cases extrarespiratory tuberculosis; diagnostic strategy; management of extrarespiratory tuberculosis cases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jimborean, G.; Ianoși, E.-S.; Huțanu, D.; Sárközi, H.-K.; Vultur, M.A.; Ianosi, M.B.; Csipor-Fodor, A. Epidemiological Insights and Diagnostic Strategies of Extrarespiratory Tuberculosis: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Clinic of Pneumology, Târgu Mureș. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 11259. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311259

AMA Style

Jimborean G, Ianoși E-S, Huțanu D, Sárközi H-K, Vultur MA, Ianosi MB, Csipor-Fodor A. Epidemiological Insights and Diagnostic Strategies of Extrarespiratory Tuberculosis: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Clinic of Pneumology, Târgu Mureș. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(23):11259. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311259

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jimborean, Gabriela, Edith-Simona Ianoși, Dragoș Huțanu, Hédi-Katalin Sárközi, Mara Andreea Vultur, Maria Beatrice Ianosi, and Alpár Csipor-Fodor. 2024. "Epidemiological Insights and Diagnostic Strategies of Extrarespiratory Tuberculosis: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Clinic of Pneumology, Târgu Mureș" Applied Sciences 14, no. 23: 11259. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311259

APA Style

Jimborean, G., Ianoși, E.-S., Huțanu, D., Sárközi, H.-K., Vultur, M. A., Ianosi, M. B., & Csipor-Fodor, A. (2024). Epidemiological Insights and Diagnostic Strategies of Extrarespiratory Tuberculosis: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Clinic of Pneumology, Târgu Mureș. Applied Sciences, 14(23), 11259. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311259

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