A Study of the Characteristics of Micro-Seismic (ME) and Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) Signals under the Static Load Conditions of Rocks

Geological hazards, such as the frequent occurrence of rock bursts in deep mining, emphasize the critical necessity for the early warning and prediction of dynamic fractures in coal and rock masses, as well as the destabilization of the surrounding rock. This study delves into the mechanisms of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals and their synchronous coupling with micro-seismic (ME) signals. EMR and ME signals from rock specimens were systematically collected during the uniaxial compression fracture process using a dedicated monitoring and acquisition system. Employing the wavelet analysis method, the original data underwent reconstruction and denoising, while the EMR and ME spectra, derived through fast Fourier transform, were subjected to detailed scrutiny. The comprehensive analysis unveiled that EMR signals arising from rock fractures exhibited precise timing synchronization with ME signals. Moreover, the dominant frequencies of both signals are closely aligned within the low-frequency band, indicating a remarkable degree of similarity and homology. These findings establish an experimental basis for the development of monitoring and early warning systems geared toward assessing damage to coal and rock masses using EMR and ME signals.