Competition between Two Species of the Genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Wheat and Barley
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects
2.2. Competition Test
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Progeny Production
3.2. Grain Damage and Frass Weight
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insect Species | df | S. oryzae | S. granarius | S. oryzae + S. granarius | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | F | p | F | p | ||
Μodel | 7 | 2.29 | 0.037 | 1.58 | 0.156 | 1.91 | 0.083 |
Intercept | 137.15 | <0.001 | 176.5 | <0.001 | 53.64 | <0.001 | |
Temperature | 1 | 0.38 | 0.537 | 8.47 | 0.005 | 2.47 | 0.121 |
Commodity | 1 | 0.01 | 0.986 | 0.20 | 0.654 | 7.21 | 0.009 |
Days | 1 | 5.96 | 0.017 | 0.23 | 0.623 | 0.66 | 0.420 |
Temperature X Commodity | 1 | 0.59 | 0.446 | 0.11 | 0.741 | 0.19 | 0.661 |
Temperature X Days | 1 | 1.36 | 0.247 | 1.99 | 0.163 | 1.09 | 0.299 |
Commodity X Days | 1 | 6.34 | 0.014 | 0.01 | 0.921 | 1.1 | 0.287 |
Temperature X Commodity X Days | 1 | 1.46 | 0.231 | 0.07 | 0.794 | 0.58 | 0.450 |
Days | Commodity | Species in the Vial | Damaged Kernels | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kernels with 1 Hole | Kernels with More than 1 Hole | |||||
25 °C | 30 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | |||
65 | Wheat | S. oryzae | 98.8 ± 15.9 Aa | 46.2 ± 14.2 b | 22.4 ± 6.4 AB | 8.1 ± 3.2 |
S. granarius | 94.2 ± 21.4 A | 62.9 ± 14.6 | 30.7 ± 6.2 A | 18.0 ± 5.4 | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 56.7 ± 12.2 B | 64.3 ± 22.6 | 10.2 ± 13.2 B | 13.2 ± 7.1 | ||
Barley | S. oryzae | 33.4 ± 8.6 AB | 34.3 ± 8.6 | 2.8 ± 0.7 B | 4.2 ± 1.8 | |
S. granarius | 67.9 ± 18.7 A | 33.2 ± 3.5 | 18.2 ± 5.9 A | 7.8 ± 3.6 | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 22.4 ± 5.5 B | 26.2 ± 8.8 | 5.8 ± 1.6 B | 4.7 ± 2.2 | ||
120 | Wheat | S. oryzae | 71.8 ± 21.7 | 48.8 ± 14.1 | 21.9 ± 9.0 | 41.3 ± 13.0 |
S. granarius | 60.6 ± 16.2 | 101.2 ± 22.4 | 17.1 ± 5.9 a | 46.2 ± 11.0 b | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 29.1 ± 17.4 | 36.7 ± 22.2 | 5.1 ± 2.8 | 9.9 ± 6.1 | ||
Barley | S. oryzae | 98.6 ± 28.9 | 41.6 ± 16.1 | 30.4 ± 10.7 a | 6.4 ± 3.6 b | |
S. granarius | 31.8 ± 13.1 | 40.0 ± 14.7 | 11.2 ± 5.2 | 10.8 ± 5.0 | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 49.8 ± 24.2 | 19.6 ± 6.3 | 17.6 ± 9.1 | 2.9 ± 1.2 |
Days | Commodity | Species in the Vial | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
25 °C | 30 °C | |||
65 | Wheat | S. oryzae | 135.3 ± 2.6 | 81.9 ± 21.6 |
S. granarius | 183.5 ± 44.6 | 158.0 ± 41.6 | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 155.7 ± 37.3 | 81.4 ± 17.2 | ||
Barley | S. oryzae | 101.5 ± 20.3 | 91.8 ± 25.8 | |
S. granarius | 68.8 ± 20.3 | 66.9 ± 21.4 | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 78.7 ± 16.0 | 52.0 ± 18.0 | ||
25 °C | 30 °C | |||
120 | Wheat | S. oryzae | 68.48± 23.3 | 26.6 ± 8.6 B |
S. granarius | 71.7.2 ± 25.5 | 120.7 ± 35.9 A | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 51.4 ± 23.3 | 44.1 ± 25.4 AB | ||
Barley | S. oryzae | 141.9 ± 38.4 | 120.2 ± 38.7 | |
S. granarius | 31.2 ± 15.5 | 70.8 ± 27.8 | ||
S. oryzae + S. granarius | 136.7 ± 55.8 | 54.3 ± 22.3 |
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Sakka, M.K.; Terzis, G.; Athanassiou, C.G. Competition between Two Species of the Genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Wheat and Barley. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 11872. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111872
Sakka MK, Terzis G, Athanassiou CG. Competition between Two Species of the Genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Wheat and Barley. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(21):11872. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111872
Chicago/Turabian StyleSakka, Maria K., George Terzis, and Christos G. Athanassiou. 2023. "Competition between Two Species of the Genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Wheat and Barley" Applied Sciences 13, no. 21: 11872. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111872