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Applied Sciences
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/app13021011
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Article

Spirulina Supplements as a Source of Mineral Nutrients in the Daily Diet

by
Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek
1,*,
Kinga Szymczykowska
1,
Karolina Jakubczyk
1,
Patrycja Kupnicka
2,
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
3,
Bogumiła Pilarczyk
4,
Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
4,
Alicja Ligenza
1,
Ewa Stachowska
1 and
Bartosz Dalewski
5
1
Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
2
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
3
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
4
Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
5
Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021011
Submission received: 13 December 2022 / Revised: 7 January 2023 / Accepted: 9 January 2023 / Published: 11 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Raw Materials as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds in the Diet)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Spirulina is a microalga cultivated in many countries. It is a source of valuable protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants and elements. We have not found studies that address the effect of supplement form or cultivation method on the mineral content of spirulina supplements. The aim of this study was to determine whether supplement form (tablet and powder) and cultivation method (organic and conventional) of spirulina have a bearing on the mineral nutrients content. Such an approach accounts for the innovation of our research. The material used in the study was spirulina in tablets and powder form, marketed as a dietary supplement. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In turn, selenium (Se) content was determined by spectrofluorimetry. Overall, in terms of mean values, the most abundant mineral in spirulina supplements was phosphorus (P) (15,149 mg/kg) and the least abundant was Se (0.31 mg/kg). Our findings show that both supplement form and cultivation method affect the mineral content of spirulina. Supplements in powder form had a significantly higher content of important elements, such as iron (Fe) (673 mg/kg), magnesium (Mg) (4151 mg/kg) and potassium (K) (16,686 mg/kg), while at the same time containing significantly less sodium (Na) (9868 mg/kg). In terms of the cultivation method, organic spirulina supplements turned out to be a richer dietary source of Fe (703 mg/kg) and K (14,893 mg/kg). In turn, conventionally grown supplements had higher contents of calcium (Ca) (11,269 mg/kg), phosphorus (P) (16,314 mg/kg) and strontium (Sr) (47 mg/kg). Spirulina can therefore be a valuable addition to the daily diet, helping people to achieve the required intake of micronutrients.
Keywords: Arthrospira; conventional growing; elements; organic growing pills; powdery Arthrospira; conventional growing; elements; organic growing pills; powdery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Janda-Milczarek, K.; Szymczykowska, K.; Jakubczyk, K.; Kupnicka, P.; Skonieczna-Żydecka, K.; Pilarczyk, B.; Tomza-Marciniak, A.; Ligenza, A.; Stachowska, E.; Dalewski, B. Spirulina Supplements as a Source of Mineral Nutrients in the Daily Diet. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021011

AMA Style

Janda-Milczarek K, Szymczykowska K, Jakubczyk K, Kupnicka P, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Ligenza A, Stachowska E, Dalewski B. Spirulina Supplements as a Source of Mineral Nutrients in the Daily Diet. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(2):1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021011

Chicago/Turabian Style

Janda-Milczarek, Katarzyna, Kinga Szymczykowska, Karolina Jakubczyk, Patrycja Kupnicka, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Bogumiła Pilarczyk, Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak, Alicja Ligenza, Ewa Stachowska, and Bartosz Dalewski. 2023. "Spirulina Supplements as a Source of Mineral Nutrients in the Daily Diet" Applied Sciences 13, no. 2: 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021011

APA Style

Janda-Milczarek, K., Szymczykowska, K., Jakubczyk, K., Kupnicka, P., Skonieczna-Żydecka, K., Pilarczyk, B., Tomza-Marciniak, A., Ligenza, A., Stachowska, E., & Dalewski, B. (2023). Spirulina Supplements as a Source of Mineral Nutrients in the Daily Diet. Applied Sciences, 13(2), 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021011

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