Variation Characteristics of the Wind Field in a Typical Thunderstorm Event in Beijing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modeling Approach
2.1. Classical Thunderstorm Wind Model
2.2. Directional Thunderstorm Wind Model
3. Measurement of Thunderstorm Winds
3.1. Field Measurement
3.2. Typical Event
4. Wind Field Characteristics
4.1. Mean Wind Speed and Reduced Turbulent Fluctuation
4.2. Turbulence Intensity and Turbulence Integration Scale
4.3. Power Spectral Density and Gust Factor
4.4. Coherence Function
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- By using the directional thunderstorm wind model, it is possible to achieve the decoupling of longitudinal and lateral fluctuating wind speed components, quantitatively study the wind direction of the thunderstorm, and develop credible comparisons between the properties of thunderstorm and synoptic wind speeds.
- (2)
- The wind speed of the thunderstorm event shows a typical transient nose shape profile, and the duration of the jump gradually increases with the increase in height. The wind direction in the upper level is mainly controlled by the moving speed of the thunderstorm, while the wind direction in the lower level is determined by the dispersive outflow caused by the collision between the thunderstorm and the ground, and the moving wind speed.
- (3)
- Different from the synoptic wind, the lateral mean turbulence intensity first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases near the time when the peak wind speed occurs. The turbulence integral length scale presents an obvious “nose” profile, and the height of the nose tip is similar to that of the wind speed profile.
- (4)
- The Von Karman spectrum appears consistent with the measured thunderstorm wind spectrum. Compared with synoptic wind, the gust factor in the process of thunderstorm wind is larger, so it seems important to consider the influence of thunderstorm wind during engineering design. The empirical exponential function model of coherence function for thunderstorms presents a slight deviation with the measured one and deserves further study.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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h (m) | 8 | 16 | 32 | 47 | 64 | 80 | 140 | 200 | 280 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Û | 14.76 | 19.00 | 23.25 | 23.71 | 24.75 | 19.87 | 21.22 | 21.20 | 23.68 |
û | 14.30 | 18.38 | 23.08 | 23.68 | 24.73 | 19.78 | 21.11 | 21.17 | 23.62 |
m | σ | γ | κ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ũ′ | Mean | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.03 | 2.78 |
Std | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.14 | |
Mean | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 | 2.90 | |
Std | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
h (m) | 14:20 | 14:25 | 14:27 | 14:28 | 14:29 | 14:30 | 14:35 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | 1.22 | 1.43 | 1.43 | 1.43 | 1.43 | 1.43 | 1.12 |
16 | 1.08 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.00 |
32 | 1.25 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.14 |
47 | 1.06 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.33 |
64 | 1.07 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.28 |
80 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.25 |
140 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.06 |
200 | 1.25 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
280 | 1.17 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.10 |
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Zhang, A.; Zhang, S.; Xu, X.; Zhong, H.; Li, B. Variation Characteristics of the Wind Field in a Typical Thunderstorm Event in Beijing. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 12036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312036
Zhang A, Zhang S, Xu X, Zhong H, Li B. Variation Characteristics of the Wind Field in a Typical Thunderstorm Event in Beijing. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(23):12036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312036
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Ailin, Shi Zhang, Xiaoda Xu, Haibin Zhong, and Bo Li. 2022. "Variation Characteristics of the Wind Field in a Typical Thunderstorm Event in Beijing" Applied Sciences 12, no. 23: 12036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312036
APA StyleZhang, A., Zhang, S., Xu, X., Zhong, H., & Li, B. (2022). Variation Characteristics of the Wind Field in a Typical Thunderstorm Event in Beijing. Applied Sciences, 12(23), 12036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312036