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Article

Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds

by
Ramida Krumsri
1,2,*,
Kaori Ozaki
3,
Toshiaki Teruya
4 and
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
1,2
1
Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
2
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
3
Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
4
Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3542; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083542
Submission received: 8 March 2021 / Revised: 11 April 2021 / Accepted: 13 April 2021 / Published: 15 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances on Applications of Bioactive Natural Compounds)
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Abstract

Phytotoxic substances released from plants are considered eco-friendly alternatives for controlling weeds in agricultural production. In this study, the leaves of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. were investigated for biological activity, and their active substances were determined. Extracts of A. xylocarpa leaf exhibited concentration-dependent phytotoxic activity against the seedling length of Lepidium sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. xylocarpa leaf extracts led to isolating and identifying two compounds: vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid. Both compounds were applied to four model plants using different concentrations. The results showed both compounds significantly inhibited the model plants’ seedling length in a species-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The phytotoxic effects of trans-ferulic acid (IC50 = 0.42 to 2.43 mM) on the model plants were much greater than that of vanillic acid (IC50 = 0.73 to 3.17 mM) and P. pratense was the most sensitive to both compounds. In addition, the application of an equimolar (0.3 mM) mixture of vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid showed the synergistic effects of the phytotoxic activity against the root length of P. pratense and L. sativum. These results suggest that the leaves of A. xylocarpa and its phytotoxic compounds could be used as a natural source of herbicides.
Keywords: allelopathic activity; growth inhibitor; phenolic compounds; bioherbicide; sustainable agriculture allelopathic activity; growth inhibitor; phenolic compounds; bioherbicide; sustainable agriculture

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MDPI and ACS Style

Krumsri, R.; Ozaki, K.; Teruya, T.; Kato-Noguchi, H. Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 3542. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083542

AMA Style

Krumsri R, Ozaki K, Teruya T, Kato-Noguchi H. Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(8):3542. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083542

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krumsri, Ramida, Kaori Ozaki, Toshiaki Teruya, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. 2021. "Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds" Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3542. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083542

APA Style

Krumsri, R., Ozaki, K., Teruya, T., & Kato-Noguchi, H. (2021). Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds. Applied Sciences, 11(8), 3542. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083542

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